Social Structure of Ancient Hawai�i

Ancient Hawaiians had a structured social order with kānāwai (strict regulations and a system of laws) that determined if something was kapu (sacred or forbidden). The mō�ī (king, queen) and his/her �aha kuhina (chiefs and advisers) constituted the highest class. Below them were the nobility, known as ali�i.

Next in rank were the kāhuna, which included priests as well as professionals with specific skills in particular fields. Common people, mostly farmers, were known as maka�āinana and fell prostrate to the ground in the presence of chiefs, who possessed more mana (divine power). The lowest outcast members of society were known as kauā (or kauwā).