Chapter 18

Chapter 18.

Glossary of Hawaiian Historical Figures

Biographical and Genealogical Information of Hawaiian Ali‘i (Royalty),
Chiefs, and other Important Persons of Hawaiian History

* = See Biographical Sketch in Timeline at year of birth
in Timeline (Chapter 11).

Eia ua lani a Hāloa i pili ai ka hanu i ke kapu.
Here is a chief descended from Hāloa, whose kapu makes
one hold his breath in dread.
A compliment to a chief. To be able to trace descent from Hāloa, an ancient chief,
was to be of very high rank from remote antiquity.
(Pukui: 308-38)




Ahia—Puna high chief; joined funeral journey of Kalani‘ōpu‘u; in Battle of Moku‘ōhai, turned against Kamehameha and joined forces of Kahekilinui‘ahumanu [Kahekili]; known as a brave warrior, very tall and strong; led Puna warriors of Kīwala‘ō [Kīwala‘ō Kauikeaouli (Kauikeouli)] at the Battle of Moku‘ōhai, where he was bound in lua hold and killed by Ke‘eaumoku Pāpa‘iaheahe; body offered on the lele (altar) at the heiau of Hikau;said to be grandfather of missionary Reverend Ahia.[i]
‘Akahi-a-Kuleana—Mother of ‘Umi-a-Līloa with Līloa.
Ahiki—Konohiki (overseer) of Kawainui and Ka‘elepulu ponds near Kailua, O‘ahu.
Ahukini—Son of La‘amai-Kahiki.
Ahu‘ula—Son of Keaweikekahiali‘iokamoku [Keawe]; father of Ka‘iana‘ahu‘ula [Ka‘iana].
‘Aikanaka—Son of Kepo‘okalani and Keohohiwa; grandson of Kamakaeheikuli and Kame‘eiamoku (parents of Kepo‘okalani); father of Keohokālole with Kama‘e; grandfather of Miriam Likelike, Queen Lili‘uokalani, William Pitt Leleiōhoku (II), and King Kalākaua (children of Caesar Kapa‘akea and Keohokālole); great grandfather of Princess Victoria Ka‘iulani (daughter of Archibald Scott Cleghorn and Miriam Likelike).
‘Akāhi—Aunt of Bernice Pauahi Pākī Bishop.
Alapa‘i—See Alapa‘inui.
Alapa‘i—Chiefess; wife of John Young (II); companion of Princess Nāhi‘ena‘ena [Nāahi‘ena‘ena; Nahienaena] (daughter of King Kamehameha I).
Alapa‘imaloiki—Son of Kūma‘aikū and Keawepoepoe; brother of Ke‘eaumoku Pāpa‘iaheahe and Kaulunae.
Alapa‘inui [Alapa‘i]—Paramount chief of Hawai‘i Island; makua kāne hoahānau (elder cousin, uncle) of Kamehameha I on the side of Kamehameha’s mother, Keku‘iapoiwa (II) father of Keawe‘ōpala; defeated Kalani‘ōpu‘u; said to have poisoned father of Kamehameha I.; in 1736 led armies of Hawai‘i Island and Moloka‘i against the invading armies of O‘ahu. After five days of fighting at Kawela (“The heat”) in southern Moloka‘i, the O‘ahu chief Kapi‘iohookalani (“The head curls of the royal chief”) was killed and his O‘ahu army was defeated.[ii]
Alapa‘iwahine—Mother of Kamanawa II with Kepo‘okalani; grandmother of Caesar Kapa‘akea (son of Kamanawa II and Kamokuiki); great grandmother of Miriam Likelike, Queen Lili‘uokalani, William Pitt Leleiōhoku (II), and King Kalākaua (children of Caesar Kapa‘akea and Keohokālole); great great grandmother of Princess Victoria Ka‘iulani (daughter of Archibald Scott Cleghorn and Miriam Likelike).
Albert (Prince Albert Edward Kauikeaouli)—See Kauikeaouli.
*Bishop, Bernice Pauahi (1831, Dec.19—1884, Oct.16)—Princess as granddaughter of King Kamehameha I; daughter of Konia [Laura Konia] (mother) and Abner Pākī (father); wife of Charles Reed Bishop (1822—1915); endowed Kamehameha Schools. On her mother’s side, Princess Pauahi was the granddaughter of Pauli Ka‘ōleiokū (father of Konia [Laura Konia]) and Luahine, and the great granddaughter of King Kamehameha I and Kānekapolei (parents of Pauli Ka‘oleiokū), and Keōuakupuapāikalaninui [Keōuanui] and Keku‘iapoiwa (II) (parents of King Kamehameha I). Bernice Pauahi Pākī Bishop was the last direct descendant of King Kamehameha I; beginning at the age of eight, attended the Royal School (known as Chiefs’ Children’s School until 1846); married Charles Reed Bishop at the Royal School on June 4, 1850; declined the December 11, 1872 deathbed offer of King Kamehameha V (Lot Kapuāiwa Kamehameha) to name her as his successor; given the Grand Cross of the Order of Kamehameha in 1875 by King Kalākaua; when Princess Ruth Ke‘elikōlani died in 1883, her will bequeathed to Princess Pauahi her elaborate mansion, Keōua Hale (on Emma Street in Honolulu) and approximately 353,000 acres (143,000 ha) of Kamehameha lands, totaling nearly nine percent of the land in the Hawaiian Islands; in 1885, Princess Pauahi inherited Haleakalā (near King and Bishop Streets in Honolulu), the former home of her parents, Abner Pākī and Konia [Laura Konia]; with Charles Reed Bishop, lived at Haleakalā, which was built in 1847 by Abner Pākī; inherited approximately 25,000 acres (10,000 ha) of land from Pākī and Konia [Laura Konia], and Pauahi’s aunt, ‘Akāhi; when Princess Pauahi died in 1884, her will left 434,000 acres (175,634 ha) of land in perpetual trust to assist in the establishment of two schools in the Kamehameha name, and thus the Kamehameha Schools Bishop Estate was founded; the Kamehameha School for Boys opened in Honolulu on October 4, 1887, and then Kamehameha School for Girls opened on December 19, 1894; today the Bishop Estate, officially renamed Kamehameha Schools, continues to operate Kamehameha Schools, including the 600-acre (243-ha) Kapālama campus in Honolulu as well as smaller campuses on Maui and Hawai‘i Island; the Estate has vast land holdings and investments worth nearly $7 billion, and educates more than 51,000 students annually on three campuses as well as through charter schools, community outreach programs, and in 28 preschools.
Boki—See Kamā‘ule‘ule.
Eianinui [Elani]—Instructed by Kaukoko in warrior skills and martial arts of ancient times.
Elani—See Eianinui.
Emma (Queen Emma)—See Na‘ea, Emma.
Hā‘ae—Father of Ha‘alo‘u; grandfather of Nāmāhānaikaleleonalani [Nāmāhana]; Kekuamanohā, Kekuapo‘i, and Kamohomoho (children of Ha‘alo‘u and Kekaulikenuiahumanu [Kekaulike].
Ha‘alo‘u—Mother of Nāmāhānaikaleleonalani [Nāmāhana], Kekuamanohā, Kekuapo‘i, and Kamohomoho with Kekaulikenuiahumanu [Kekaulike]; grandmother of Kalanimoku [Kālaimoku; William (Billy) Pitt] and Kamā‘ule‘ule (Boki) (children of Kekuamanohā and Kemakahukilani); great grandmother of William Pitt Leleiōhoku (I) (son of Kalanimoku and Kiliwehi); great great grandmother of William Pitt Kīna‘u (son of William Pitt Leleiōhoku (II) and Princess Ruth Ke‘elikōlani); grandmother of Kalākua, Kuakini, Ke‘eaumoku (II) [Governor Cox], and Ka‘ahumanu (children of Ke‘eaumoku Pāpa‘iaheahe and Nāmāhānaikaleleonalani [Nāmāhana]); great grandmother of Kīna‘u and Kamāmalu (children of King Kamehameha I and Kalākua); great grandmother of Ka‘ua‘umokuokamānele [Kamānele] (daughter of Kuakini); great great grandmother of Moses Kekūāiwa, Princess Victoria Kamāmalu, King Kamehameha IV (Alexander Liholiho ‘Iolani), and King Kamehameha V (Lot Kapuāiwa Kamehameha).
Hākau—Daughter of Heulu and Moana; mother of Kawelookalaninui with Kalani‘ōpu‘u.
Hala‘ea—A chief.
Hale, Isaac—Puna resident.
Hanakahi—Hilo chief said to be a “symbol of profound peace.” The town of Hilo is sometimes called Hilo Hanakahi in his honor.[iii]
Heulu—Son of ‘Umi‘ulaika‘ahumanumanu and Kapahiahuakane; father of Hākau; father of Kalaniwahineuli with Kahikiokalani.
Hewahewa—Nephew of Hewahewanui; kahuna nui of Pai‘ea Kamehameha during time of restoration of the heiau of Pu‘ukoholā (“Whale hill”); warrior of Hunalele army; advised on burial of Pai‘ea Kamehameha.
Hewahewanui—Uncle of Hewahewa; warrior of Hunalele army; accompanied Kalani‘ōpu‘u’s funeral journey at sea from Waio‘ahukini to Hōnaunau; guardian of Kaumuali‘i.
Hoapili—See Ulumāheihei.
Holo‘ae—Kalani‘ōpu‘u’s chief kahuna; oracle kahuna; kahuna nui; father in law of Kekūhaupi‘o, whose wife was the daughter of Kalani‘ōpu‘u; revered for his skills in the profession of kuhikuhipu‘uone (seeing and advising).
Holau—Mother of Kā‘eokūlani [Kā‘eo] with Kekaulikenuiahumanu [Kekaulike]; grandmother of Kaumuali‘i (son of Kā‘eokūlani [Kā‘eo] and Kamakahelei); great grandmother of Kinoiki (daughter of Kapuaamohu and Kaumuali‘i); great great grandmother of Queen Kapi‘olani, Virginia Kapo‘oloku Po‘omaikelani, and Esther Kinoiki Kekaulike (children of Kūhiō and Kinoiki).
Honoli‘i—Renown warrior of Makalawena in North Kohala; māmakakaua ali‘i koa (general) of Kamehameha’s Ona Hema army, known for their proficiency at hand-to-hand combat and their skill at whirling spears.
Ho‘ohi‘olo‘olo—Son of Kaukahiakua and Ho‘onohoka‘ie‘ie; some accounts say it was Ho‘ohi‘olo‘olo and not Kekūhaupi‘o who killed Kaihe in a battle of Hawai‘i Island warriors against Maui warriors at Hakalau.
Ho‘olehua—Chief; husband of ‘Īloli; father of Hikauhi with ‘Īloli. Ho‘olehua means “Acting the expert.”//**[iv]**//
Ho‘olulu—Helped Hoapili (Ulumāheihei) hide the bones of King Kamehameha I after the ruler’s death.

Ho‘onohoka‘ie‘ie—Mother of Ho‘ohi‘olo‘olo with Kaukahiakua.
Hua—Moloka‘i war leader.
Hulu—Husband of Lonoma‘aikanaka; father of Kauhiokeka with Lonoma‘aikanaka. [If Hulu was the father of Kauhiokeka, then Hulu is also the grandfather of etc. p. 141, DO ALL REST, then copy for Keaseike...etc....etc.....Also, add to other from here on]
I‘aukea, Curtis Pi‘ehu—Chamberlain to Queen Lili‘uokalani.
‘I‘i, John Papa (1800—1870)—Appointed to the House of Nobles and Privy Council under King Kamehameha III (Kauikeaouli); helped to draft Constitution of 1852; justice of Hawai‘i’s Supreme Court from 1852 to 1864; wrote articles for the newspaper, Ka Nupepa Kū‘oko‘a, from 1866 to1870.
‘Ī‘ī, John—Nephew of John Papa ‘Ī‘ī.
‘Ī‘ī, Daniel— Nephew of John Papa ‘Ī‘ī.
‘Īloli—Wife of Ho‘olehua; mother of Hikauhi with Ho‘olehua; later wife of Pākaka and ‘Īloli.
Imakakola—Chief of Puna; captured in 1780 by Hawai‘i Island ruler Kalani‘ōpu‘u to be used as a human sacrifice in a ceremony to consolidate Kalani‘ōpu‘u’s chiefdom. Imakakola was taken to the luakini heiau of Pākini at Kamā‘oa. Kalani‘ōpu‘u’s son Kīwala‘ō [Kīwala‘ō Kauikeaouli (Kauikeouli)] initiated the sacrificial ceremony, and Pai‘ea Kamehameha (the future King Kamehameha I) boldly stepped in and finished the ritual, placing Imakakola on the altar. This action caused controversy and led to a rift between Kīwala‘ō [Kīwala‘ō Kauikeaouli (Kauikeouli)] and the rising young warrior Kamehameha.
Inamo‘o—Regent of Kaua‘i.
*Ka‘ahumanu (1768—1832)—Queen as favorite wife of King Kamehameha I; later kuhina nui (premier) from 1819—1832 during reign of King Kamehameha II (Kalaninui ‘Iolani Liholiho); sister of Kuakini, Kalākua, and Ke‘eaumoku (II) [Governor Cox]; daughter of Ke‘eaumoku Pāpa‘iaheahe and Nāmāhānaikaleleonalani [Nāmāhana]. On her father’s side, Ka‘ahumanu was the granddaughter of Keawepoepoe and Kūma‘aikū. On her mother’s side, Ka‘ahumanu was the granddaughter of Kekaulikenuiahumanu [Kekaulike] and Ha‘alo‘u (parents of Nāmāhānaikaleleonalani [Nāmāhana]). The 16-year-old chiefess Ka‘ahumanu met the rising young warrior Pai‘ea Kamehameha for the first time at a conference of chiefs Nāpo‘opo‘o when Kamehameha was impressed and attracted by her fearless nature. Ka‘ahumanu requested from Kamehamea that she be entrusted with the care of the slain body of Kīwala‘ō [Kīwala‘ō Kauikeaouli (Kauikeouli)], explaining to Kamehameha how her relation of Kīwala‘ō [Kīwala‘ō Kauikeaouli (Kauikeouli)] to Ka‘ahumanu through her grandparents qualified her for this responsibility.
When King Kamehameha I died, he established the office of kuhina nui (premier, or regent), allowing Ka‘ahumanu to become co-ruler with King Kamehameha II (Kalaninui ‘Iolani Liholiho), and she served in that capacity from 1819 to 1832, severely diminishing the power of King Kamehameha II; within months of assuming the throne, King Kamehameha II ate food in public with the dowager queens Ka‘ahumanu and Keōpūolanikauhiakama [Keōpūolani], thus breaking the kapu against men and women eating together; since the defiant act brought no retribution from the gods, eating together was no longer kapu, and this began a process that eroded traditional Hawaiian religious beliefs, and eventually led to the complete overturning of the traditional kapu system; known as a strict ruler, kuhina nui (premier) Ka‘ahumanu was left in charge of the Hawaiian government when the royal party visited London in 1823, and with the assistance of Kalanimoku [Kālaimoku; William (Billy) Pitt] she helped to stop the Kaua‘i rebellion that was led by George P. Kaumuali‘i; became a strong proponent of Protestantism, and was baptized in December of 1825. Ka‘ahumanu was taught to read and write by the Reverend Hiram Bingham, who was the first to translate the New Testament into the Hawaiian language, and he presented Ka‘ahumanu with the first copy of the new translation shortly before her death; died June 5, 1832 at her at her Mānoa Valley home called Puka‘ōma‘o, which means “Green opening” (the home had green shutters);Ka‘ahumanu means “The bird [feather] cloak.”//**[v]**//
Ka‘ahupāhau—Lived at Kapākule (“The akule fish enclosure”[vi])
Ka‘akau—Kahuna nui of Alapa‘inui; later kahuna nui of Keawe‘ōpala; death was a turning point in battle between the Ka‘ū warriors of Kalani‘ōpu‘u and the Hilo warriors of Keawe‘ōpala in which Kalani‘ōpu‘u’s warriors were victorious.
Ka‘aloa‘api‘ilani—High chief of Kaua‘i; father of Muolehua with Kāneikaheilani.
Ka‘aloaolonoapi‘i—Husband of Kāneikaheilani; father of Kalelemauli with Kāneikaheilani; grandfather of Ha‘alo‘u (daughter of Kalelemauli and Hā‘ae); great grandfather of Nāmāhānaikaleleonalani [Nāmāhana], Kekuamanohā, Kekuapo‘i, and Kamohomoho (children of Ha‘alo‘u and Kekaulikenuiahumanu [Kekaulike]).
Kā‘eo, Asa—Grandson of Muolehua.
*Kā‘eokūlani [Kā‘eo] (1748—1794)—Son of Kekaulikenuiahumanu [Kekaulike] and Holau; father of Kaumuali‘i with Kamakahelei; grandfather of Kinoiki (daughter of Kapuaamohu and Kaumuali‘i); great grandfather of Kapi‘olani (II), Virginia Kapo‘oloku Po‘omaikelani, and Esther Kinoiki Kekaulike (children of Kūhiō and Kinoiki); great great grandfather of Edward Keali‘ihonui, David Kawānanakoa, and Jonah Kūhiō Kalaniana‘ole Pi‘ikoi (children of Esther Kinoiki and David Kahalepouli Pi‘ikoi). Chief of Kaua‘i; died in 1794 battle against Kalanikūpule (the son of his half brother Kahekilinui‘ahumanu [Kahekili]).
Kaeolaokalani—Daughter of Isaac Young Davis and Princess Ruth Ke‘elikōlani, died at six months old.
Kahahana—O‘ahu chief; ally and later enemy of Maui’s Kahekilinui‘ahumanu [Kahekili]; husband of Kekuapo‘i; lost control of O‘ahu in battle against Kahekili; fled to ‘Ewa with his wife; captured after several years of wandering; became a human sacrifice; sacrificed at heiau at Helumoa.
Kahāhāwai—Maui warrior, of royal blood.
Kaha‘i [Keahia]—Hoahāno pono‘ī (younger brother) of Hāmākua warrior chief Kānekoa; initially a supporter of Kamehameha; later abandoned Kamehameha’s side in battle and fought for the Hilo chief Keawemauhili on the side of Kīwalaō in the Battle of Moku‘ōhai; with group of warriors of Kīwala‘ō [Kīwala‘ō Kauikeaouli (Kauikeouli)] that attacked Ke‘eaumoku Pāpa‘iaheahe in the Battle of Moku‘ōhai.
Kaha‘i—A famous navigator who lived in Hakipu‘u on O‘ahu; “traveled to Samoa to bring back seeds and breadfruit; he was so respected that King Kamehameha I in 1795 lowered the sail of his canoe in honor of his memory.”[vii]
Kahāloa—One of four renown Tahitian healers that visited Hawaiian Islands; before leaving the Islands was said to have transferred his own healing powers into Nā Pōhaku Ola Kapaemāhu Ā Kapuni, the Stones of Life, which may still be seen in Waikīkī.[viii]
Kahanamoku, Duke—See Duke Kahanamoku, Chapter 12.
Kahaukomo—Kahuna; grandfather of Nāmakahelu. Kahaukomo means “The hau trees begin.” [ix]
Kaheiheimālie—See Kalākaua, David.
Kahekili—See Kahekilinui‘ahumanu.
*Kahekilinui‘ahumanu [Kahekili] (c.1713—1794)—Son of Kekaulikenuiahumanu [Kekaulike] (father) and Keku‘iapoiwanui [Keku‘iapoiwa (I)] (mother); younger brother of Kamehamehanui and Kalola; father of Kalanikūpule and Koalaukani; half-brother of Kāeokūlani and Kekuamanohā; half-sister of Nāmāhānaikaleleonalani [Nāmāhana]; chief of Maui and O‘ahu; may have been true biological father of King Kamehameha I (though Keōuakupuapāikalaninui [Keōuanui] is generally considered to be King Kamehameha I’s father); tattooed black over one side of his body from head to toe; sometimes referred to as “pā‘ele kū chief of the Bays of Pi‘ilani [Maui],” referring to “the solid black tattoo covering half of Kahekili’s body”[x]; assisted by his half-brother Kā‘eokūlani [Kā‘eo], Kahekili became ruler of Maui and then O‘ahu, leaving his son, Kalanikūpule to rule Maui; visited ship of Captain Cook in November 1778; defeated in 1791 by forces of Kamehameha I off the northeast coast of Hawai‘i Island in the sea battle known as Kepūwaha‘ula‘ula (“War of the Red Mouthed Cannon”), the first Hawaiian sea battle in which both sides were armed with foreign gunners and cannons; died in summer of 1794 and left his domains to his half-brother, Kā‘eokūlani [Kā‘eo], and his son, Kalanikūpule, who became enemies, instigating the battles that led to the rise of the young warrior Pai‘ea Kamehameha (the future King Kamehameha I); Kahekili’s house at Wailuku was known as Lanikeha.
Kahikiokalani—Mother of Kalaniwahineuli with Heulu.
Kāhili—Ancient priest; Kāhili-pali cliff and point in Ka‘ū are named for him. Kāhili means “[Wind-]swept.”[xi]
Kahipa—High chiefess of Hāmakua as daughter of the Hāmākua chief Kānekoa; entertained the young warrior chief Kamehameha at Hakalau before a major battle there.
Kaho‘okahikua‘a—Famous kāula wahine (female prophet, seer) from Waiakamali‘i, North Kohala; attended conference called by Kalani‘ōpu‘u in North Kohala to discuss knowledge of the rising young warrior chief Kamehameha.
Kahunanui—Grandfather of Keanu, Pelio, and Mrs. Rickard; old man in 1885, living in Ke‘ei; said to be related to Kekūhaupi‘o.
Ka‘iana—See Ka‘iana‘ahu‘ula.
*Ka‘iana‘ahu‘ula [Ka‘iana] (c.1756—1795)—Half brother of Kahekilinui‘ahumanu [Kahekili]; first Hawaiian chief to travel to foreign countries, traveling to Canton, China with Captain John Meares on the Nootka in 1787, and returning in 1788 aboard the Iphigenia; was an ally of the rising warrior Pai‘ea Kamehameha (the future King Kamehameha I) but later switched sides and joined Kalanikūpule on O‘ahu to fight against Kamehameha in the Battle of Nu‘uanu, where Ka‘iana‘ahu‘ula was killed.
Ka‘ianaukupe [Ka‘ianaukupe Kaolohaka-a-keawe]—Father of Kaikio‘ewa (Governor of Kaua‘i during reign of King Kamehameha III (Kauikeaouli)).
Ka‘ie‘iea—Ka‘ū chief under Keōuakū‘ahu‘ula, famed for his warrior skills, led army of warriors called Pūkeawe who were known for their skills at fighting with spears and slingstones; considered one of the strongest and bravest warriors of Hawai‘i Nei; met with Kekūhaupi‘o on battlefield but neither was victorious.
Kaihekaola—Warrior of Kamehameha; owner of coconut grove at Keomo chopped down by Keōuakū‘ahu‘ula, who was angered about being denied land by Kīwala‘ō [Kīwala‘ō Kauikeaouli (Kauikeouli)]; killed at Ke‘ei by warriors of Keōuakū‘ahu‘ula; body taken to Kīwala‘ō at Hōnaunau; offered at heiau of Haleokeawe at Hōnaunau by Kīwala‘ō, signaling Kīwala‘ō’s alliance with Keōuakū‘ahu‘ula and resulting in war against Kamehameha at the Battle of Moku‘ōhai; offering of body at heiau was considered moepu‘u, victim slain to accompany a dead chief (Kalani‘ōpu‘u).
Kaihekioi—Spoke with insolence at Kapalilua about where Kalani‘ōpu‘u’s body would be taken (Kailua instead of Hōnaunau), angering Ke‘eaumoku Pāpa‘iaheahe and causing concern among Kona chiefs.
*Kaikio‘ewa (1765—1839)—Chief; ally of King Kamehameha I; Governor of Kaua‘i during reign of King Kamehameha III (Kauikeaouli); helped expel Russians.
Kāināliu—Bailed canoes for Keawenui-a-‘Umi.
Ka‘inapu—Chief; owned lands of Kāhala, Honolulu.
Kaiokuakanele[Kaiokuakanaele]—Hawai‘i Island chief under Kalani‘ōpu‘u; suggested conference of famous kilo, kuhikuhipu‘uone, and kāhuna to discuss knowledge of the young warrior chief Pai‘ea Kamehameha (the future King Kamehameha I).
Kaiolani—Wife of Keōuakū‘ahu‘ula, mother of high-ranking daughter Wailuanuihoano with Keōuakū‘ahu‘ula.
Kaiu, Simon—Married Deborah Kapule [Kekaiha‘akūlou] (1798—1853), former wife and favorite queen of Kaumuali‘i (ruler of Kaua‘i).
Ka‘iulani, Victoria (Princess Ka‘iulani) (1875—1899)—Daughter of Archibald Scott Cleghorn and Miriam Likelike (sister of King Kalākaua and Queen Lili‘uokalani). On her mother’s side, Princess Ka‘iulani was the granddaughter of Keohokālole and Caesar Kapa‘akea, and great granddaughter of ‘Aikanaka and Kama‘e (parents of Keohokālole), and great great granddaughter of Kepo‘okalani and Keohohiwa (parents of ‘Aikanaka), and great great great granddaughter of Kamakaeheikuli and Kame‘eiamoku (parents of Kepo‘okalani). On the side of her grandfather Caesar Kapa‘akea’s, Princess Ka‘iulani was the great granddaughter of Kamanawa II and Kamokuiki, and great great granddaughter of Alapa‘iwahine and Kepo‘okalani (parents of Kamanawa II), and great great great granddaughter of Kamakaeheikuli and Kame‘eiamoku (parents of Kepo‘okalani). Ka‘iulani was proclaimed heir apparent to the Hawaiian Kingdom when Queen Lili‘uokalani ascended to the throne in 1891; attended boarding school in England under the guardianship of Theophilus Harris Davies (1833—1898); when Princess Ka‘iulani departed for England, author Robert Louis Stevenson (who had visited her in Waikīkī) wrote a celebrated poem about her; after the Hawaiian monarchy was overthrown in 1893, the 17-year-old Princess Ka‘iulani, in England at the time, went to Washington D.C. with her guardian Theophilus Harris Davies to appeal to President Grover Cleveland for the restoration of the monarchy. Princess Ka‘iulani was a talented artist, musician, horseback rider, and swimmer, and was also active in many charitable causes; she had many peacocks (also known by the Hawaiian word pīkake), and she was referred to by some as the “Princess of the Peacocks”; the birds roamed the gardens of fragrant, white Arabian jasmine flowers (Jasminum sambac) at Princess Ka‘iulani’s spacious Waikīkī estate known as ‘Āinahau, which was built by her father, Archibald Scott Cleghorn, the Governor of O‘ahu. The blossom of the white Arabian jasmine flower was a favorite of Princess Ka‘iulani, and from its association with the young princess, the Arabian jasmine flower later also became known by the Hawaiian term pīkake; on March 6, 1899, at the age of 23, Princess Ka‘iulani died at ‘Āinahau, where her favored flowers grew and where her peacocks roamed; the princess had become ill after going horseback riding in a rainstorm, and though her death was attributed to a fever, many believe she died of a broken heart, as the last Hawaiian princess and heiress to a vanished throne; on the night she died the peacocks (pīkake) are said to have made extremely loud vocal displays of their grief.
Kākuhihewa—O‘ahu chief during the 1500s. Said to have built Keaīwa Heiau, located above ‘Aiea north of Pearl Harbor.
Kala‘imāmahu—Kona chief; kaikaina (half brother) and ally of King Kamehameha I; son of Keōuakupuapāikalaninui [Keōuanui] and Kamakaeheikuli; father of Kekāuluohi (Miriam ‘Auhea) with Kalākua; grandfather of King Lunalilo (son of Charles Kana‘ina and Kekāuluohi (Miriam ‘Auhea)).
Kālaimoku—See Kalanimoku.
*Kalākaua, David (1836—1891)
King Kalākaua [David La‘amea Kalākaua] [Kaheiheimālie] (November 16, 1836—January 20, 1891)—Reigned from Feb. 13, 1874 to Jan. 20, 1891; married Kapi‘olani (II) in 1863; son of Keohokālole and Caesar Kapa‘akea; brother of Miriam Likelike, Queen Lili‘uokalani, and William Pitt Leleiōhoku (II). On his mother’s side, King Kalākaua was the grandson of ‘Aikanaka and Kama‘e, and great grandson of Kepo‘okalani and Keohohiwa (parents of ‘Aikanaka and Kama‘e), and great great grandson of Kamakaeheikuli and Kame‘eiamoku (parents of Kepo‘okalani). On his father’s side, King Kalākaua was the grandson of Kamanawa II and Kamokuiki, and great grandson of Alapa‘iwahine and Kepo‘okalani (parents of Kamanawa II), and great great grandson of Kamakaeheikuli and Kame‘eiamoku (parents of Kepo‘okalani). King Kalākaua was educated at the Royal School; elected king on February 12, 1874 by a Legislative vote of 39 to 6, resulting in violence by supporters of Queen Emma [Kalanikaumakeamano] (American and British warships provided armed marines to restore order); took an oath of allegiance to the 1864 Constitution of King Kamehameha V (Lot Kapuāiwa Kamehameha); Kalākaua and a royal party left for San Francisco on November 17, 1874 on a goodwill tour on the steamer Benicia, returning on February 15, 1875, on the U.S.S. Pensacola; negotiated the Reciprocity Treaty in 1875, allowing Hawaiian products to be sold in the United States without customs or duties; on September 17, 1876, the United States Congress passed a motion to give effect to the Reciprocity Treaty, thus allowing Hawaiian sugar into the United States duty free. King Kalākaua signed a lease of Pearl Harbor to the United States in 1887 for eight years; held an official coronation on the grounds of the newly completed ‘Iolani Palace on Feb. 12, 1883; supported traditional Hawaiian practices, including the revival of hula, and came to be known as the “Merrie Monarch” for his reintroduction of ancient customs; wrote the words to Hawai‘i’s state song, Hawai‘i Pono‘ī; left on a journey around the world in 1881, calling on 11 heads of state, including the leaders of the United States, Japan and Great Britain; became the first ruler of any country to sail around the world; signed a treaty with Japan in 1885 permitting the large-scale immigration of laborers, resulting in approximately 70,000 Japanese coming to the Hawaiian Islands, soon followed by immigrants from other countries. In 1887, King Kalākaua succumbed to political events and signed a new constitution, later given the nickname “The Bayonet Constitution,” which severely curtailed the king’s power and ended 23 years of rule under the previous constitution of King Kamehameha V (Lot Kapuāiwa Kamehameha); left on a trip to the United States in 1890, appointing his sister, Princess Lili‘uokalani, as sole regent in his absence; died in San Francisco on January 20, 1891; succeeded on the throne by Queen Lili‘uokalani on January 29, 1891.
Kalakauehu—Son of Kamalālāwalu (paramount chief of Maui); grandfather of Kukuipua.
Kalākua(?—1842)—Wife of King Kamehameha I after death of Queen Keōpūolanikauhiakama [Keōpūolani]; later married to Ulumāheihei (Hoapili); sister of Kuakini, Ka‘ahumanu; and Ke‘eaumoku (II) [Governor Cox]; daughter of Ke‘eaumoku Pāpa‘iaheahe and Nāmāhānaikaleleonalani [Nāmāhana]. On her father’s side, Kalākua was granddaughter of Keawepoepoe and Kūma‘aikū. On her mother’s side, Kalākua was the granddaughter of Kekaulikenuiahumanu [Kekaulike] and Ha‘alo‘u; mother of Kīna‘u and Kamāmalu with King Kamehameha; grandmother of Moses Kekūāiwa, Princess Victoria Kamāmalu, King Kamehameha IV (Alexander Liholiho ‘Iolani), and King Kamehameha V (Lot Kapuāiwa Kamehameha); great grandmother of Prince Albert Edward Kauikeaouli (son of King Kamehameha IV (Alexander Liholiho ‘Iolani) and Queen Emma [Kalanikaumakeamano]); mother of Kekāuluohi (Miriam ‘Auhea) with Charles Kana‘ina; grandmother of King Lunalilo (William Charles Lunalilo, son of Charles Kana‘ina and Kekāuluohi (Miriam ‘Auhea)).
Kalama, Hakaleleponi Kapakuhaili (1817—1870)—Daughter of Nāihekukui; adopted by Charles Kana‘ina; queen as wife of King Kamehameha III (Kauikeaouli); married on February 14, 1837.
Kalaniakua—High-ranking daughter of Kalola.
*Kalaniana‘ole (Pi‘ikoi), Prince Jonah Kūhiō (1871—1922)—See Kūhiō.
Kalanihelemai‘iluna—Parent of Abner Pākī (1808—1855).
Kalanikamahao—Father of Kamokolunuiokalani with Wao; from Lahaina.
Kalanikauleleiaiwinui [Kalanikauleleiaiwi]—Wife and half-sister of Keaweikekahiali‘iokamoku [Keawe]; mother of Ke‘eaumokunui; grandmother of Keōuakupuapāikalaninui [Keōuanui] (son of Kamaka‘īmoku and Ke‘eaumokunui); great grandmother of King Kamehameha I (son of Keōuakupuapāikalaninui [Keōuanui]).
Kalanikaulihiwakama—Sister of King Kamehameha I; wife of Kaikio‘ewa.
Kalanikaumakeamano (Queen Emma)—See Na‘ea, Emma.
*Kalanikūpule (1760—1795)—Son of Kahekilinui‘ahumanu [Kahekili] and Kauwahine; grandson of Kekaulikenuiahumanu [Kekaulike] and Keku‘iapoiwanui [Keku‘iapoiwa (I)] (parents of Kahekili); heir to Kahekili’s domains (along with Kā‘eokūlani [Kā‘eo]); chief of Maui and O‘ahu; defeated at 1795 battle at Nu‘uanu Pali; escaped but was later captured and sacrificed.
Kalanimāloku—High chief that announced (with Nāihe) to Ululani the arrival of the young warrior Pai‘ea Kamehameha (the future King Kamehameha I) during a visit to Ululani at Pi‘opi‘o in Hilo.
Kalanimālokulokuikepo‘okalani—See Keli‘imaika‘i.
Kalanimanookahoo‘owaha [Kalanimanookaho‘owahaaheulu]—Kohala chief; māmakakaua (warrior) of Kalani‘ōpu‘u; descendant of the family line called Luahine; leader of the Huelokū warriors.
*Kalanimoku [Kālaimoku; William (Billy) Pitt] (1768—1827)—Father of William Pitt Leleiōhoku (I) with Kiliwehi; son of Kekuamanohā and Kamakahukilani; grandson of Kekaulikenuiahumanu [Kekaulike] and Ha‘alo‘u; right hand man, treasurer and principal counselor (kālaimoku) to King Kamehameha I and to later to kuhina nui (premier) Ka‘ahumanu; present at the death of Captain Cook in 1779; took the nickname of “Billy Pitt” after William Pitt, the English Prime Minister; guardian of young Kalaninui ‘Iolani Liholiho (the future King Kamehameha II); helped defeat Kaua‘i rebellion of 1824 led by George P. Kaumuali‘i.
Kalaninui ‘Iolani Liholiho—See Kamehameha II.
Kalaninui‘īamamao—Son of Lonoma‘aikanaka and Keaweikekahiali‘iokamoku [Keawe]; father of Kalani‘ōpu‘u with Kamaka‘īmoku; grandfather of Kīwala‘ō [Kīwala‘ō Kauikeaouli (Kauikeouli)] (son of Kalola and Kalani‘ōpu‘u); grandfather of twins Keōuakū‘ahu‘ula and Keōuape‘e‘ale (children of Kalani‘ōpu‘u and Kānekapolei); father of Keawemauhili with Kekaulikeikawēkiuokalani; grandfather of Keaweokahikona (son of Keawemauhili and Ululani).
Kalani‘ōpu‘u (?—1782)—Son of Kalaninui‘īamamao and Kamaka‘īmoku; grandson of Lonoma‘aikanaka and Keaweikekahiali‘iokamoku [Keawe] (parents of Kalaninui‘īamamao); wives included Kalola, Kamakolunuiokalani, Hākau, Kalaniwahineuli, Kānekapolei, Muolehua, and Kekupuohi; father of Kīwala‘ō [Kīwala‘ō Kauikeaouli (Kauikeouli)] with Kalola; grandfather of Keōpūolanikauhiakama [Keōpūolani] (daughter of Kīwala‘ō and Keku‘iapoiwa Liliha); great grandfather of King Kamehameha II (Kalaninui ‘Iolani Liholiho), King Kamehameha III (Kauikeaouli), and Nāhi‘ena‘ena [Nāahi‘ena‘ena; Nahienaena] (children of King Kamehameha I and Keōpūolani); father of Pualinui with Kamakolunuiokalani; father of Kawelookalaninui with Hākau; father of Kaleipaihala with Kalaniwahineuli; father of twin sons Keōuakū‘ahu‘ula and Keōuape‘e‘ale with Kānekapolei; father of Manoua with Muolehua. At the time of the birth of Pai‘ea Kamehameha, the future King Kamehameha I (c.1753), Kalani‘ōpu‘u ruled over Hawai‘i Island’s Ka‘ū district; ali‘i ‘ai kalana of Ka‘ū district; ali‘i ‘ai moku of Ka‘ū; later became the paramount chief ruling all of Hawai‘i Island; makua kāne ali‘i; referred to as “King of Maui of Kama.” Kalani‘ōpu‘u’s forces plundered Kaupō, and he was later defeated in Battle of Kakanilua; ”[xii] during last two years of his life he lived at Waio‘ahukini.
Kalaniwahine—From Keālia, South Kona; famous kāula (seer); of the profession kilokilo (seer, reader of omens); prophetess; priestess; possessed the prostrating kapu; may have been the only female chief whose navel cord was placed at the Nāpo‘opo‘o heiau called Hikau; attended conference called by Kalani‘ōpu‘u in North Kohala to discuss knowledge of the rising young warrior chief Kamehameha; in attendance when Kamehameha moved the Naha Stone.
Kalaniwahineuli—Daughter of Heulu and Kahikiokalani; wife of Kalani‘ōpu‘u; mother of Kaleipaihala with Kalani‘ōpu‘u.
Kalawa—Lesser chief of Halāwa in Kohala, Hawai‘i Island; māmakakakaua ali‘i koa (general) of an army of Pai‘ea Kamehameha’s warriors known as Ka Haunaele [Hunalele].
Kaleimamahū—Ka‘ū chief; accompanied Kamehameha on visit to ship of Captain Cook; other accounts say it was instead Kekūhaupi‘o who accompanied Kamehameha.[xiii]
Kalei-o-Papa—See Kamehameha III.
Kaleipaihala—Son of Kalani‘opu‘u with Kalaniwahineuli; great-grandfather of Queen Emma [Kalanikaumakeamano; Kaleleonalani]; by some accounts Kaleipaihala was the son of Keōua and the nephew of Kalani‘ōpu‘u; instructed by ilāmuku Kanuha to take the captives Keawemauhili, his wife Ululani, and their infant child Kapi‘olani to Kaumalumalu to help them escape; joined the side of Kamehameha in his war against Kīwala‘ō [Kīwala‘ō Kauikeaouli (Kauikeouli)].
Kalelemauli—Daughter of Kāneikaheilani and Ka‘aloaolonoapi‘i; mother of Ha‘alo‘u with Hā‘ae; grandmother of Nāmāhānaikaleleonalani [Nāmāhana], Kekuamanohā, Kekuapo‘i, and Kamohomoho (children of Ha‘alo‘u and Kekaulikenuiahumanu [Kekaulike]).
Kalelemauliokalani—Kāula wahine from Pihanakalani, Wailua, Kaua‘i; lived on Hawai‘i Island during time when Kamehameha was ascending to power; famous kāula (seer); attended conference called by Kalani‘ōpu‘u in North Kohala to discuss knowledge of the rising young warrior chief Kamehameha.
Kaleleonalani—See Na‘ea, Emma (Queen Emma).
Kaleopu‘upu‘u—Renown kahuna residing at heiau at Waimea, O‘ahu, sent to Maui from O‘ahu by Peleiōhōlani at the request of Kahekilinui‘ahumanu [Kahekili] in response to Kalani‘ōpu‘u on Hawai‘i Island preparing for war; younger brother of Ka‘ōpulupulu; “from the kāhuna class of Ka‘aka‘e, Maliu, and Malela, the great kāhuna who were brought to the Hawaiian Islands by High Chief Paumakualani from the lands of Kahiki Kū and Kahiki Moe [foreign lands].”[xiv]
Kaliko‘okalani—Mother of Ka‘o‘ana‘eha with Keli‘imaika‘i; grandmother of Fanny Kekelaokalani Young, Grace Kama‘iku‘i, and John Young II (children of John Young (‘Olohana) and Ka‘o‘ana‘eha); great grandmother of Queen Emma [Kalanikaumakeamano] (daughter of Fanny Kekelaokalani Young and George Na‘ea); great great grandmother of Prince Albert Edward Kauikeaouli (son of King Kamehameha IV (Alexander Liholiho ‘Iolani) and Queen Emma).
Kalino—Warrior of Kamehameha; owner of coconut grove at Keomo chopped down by Keōuakū‘ahu‘ula, who was angered about being denied land by Kīwala‘ō [Kīwala‘ō Kauikeaouli (Kauikeouli)]; killed at Ke‘ei by warriors of Keōuakū‘ahu‘ula; body taken to Kīwala‘ō at Hōnaunau; offered at heiau of Haleokeawe at Hōnaunau by Kīwala‘ō, signaling Kīwala‘ō’s alliance with Keōuakū‘ahu‘ula and resulting in war against Kamehameha at the Battle of Moku‘ōhai; offering of body at heiau was considered moepu‘u, victim slain to accompany a dead chief (Kalani‘ōpu‘u).
Kalola—Daughter of Kekaulikenuiahumanu [Kekaulike] and Keku‘iapoiwanui [Keku‘iapoiwa (I)]; first wife of Kalani‘ōpu‘u; mother of Kauikeouli [Kauikeaouli] Kīwala‘ō [Kīwala‘ō Kauikeaouli (Kauikeouli)] and (with Kalani‘ōpu‘u); grandmother of Keōpūolanikauhiakama [Keōpūolani] (daughter of Kīwala‘ō [Kīwala‘ō Kauikeaouli (Kauikeouli)] and Keku‘iapoiwa Liliha); great grandmother of King Kamehameha II (Kalaninui ‘Iolani Liholiho), King Kamehameha III (Kauikeaouli), and Nāhi‘ena‘ena [Nāahi‘ena‘ena; Nahienaena] (children of King Kamehameha I and Keōpūolani); mother of Keku‘iapoiwa Liliha (with Keōuakupuapāikalaninui [Keōuanui]); mother of Kalaniakua; sister of Kahekilinui‘ahumanu [Kahekili] and Kamehamehanui (successive ali‘i ‘ai moku (kings) of Maui).
Kalua‘apana Keaweāheulu [Keaweāheulu[xv]]—Māmakakaua (warrior) of Kalani‘ōpu‘u; uncle and counselor of King Kamehameha I; from the ‘Ī family line; great grandfather of King Kalākaua and Queen Lili‘uokalani; high chief of Kona; ally of Kamehameha in battles; stood guard over Kamehameha at Pākini heiau when Kamehameha slept there after he consecrated the heiau by offering ‘Īmakakoloa; then escorted Kamehameha to Kohala.
Kama‘e—Mother of Keohokālole with ‘Aikanaka; grandmother of Miriam Likelike, Queen Lili‘uokalani, William Pitt Leleiōhoku (II), and King Kalākaua (children of Caesar Kapa‘akea and Keohokālole); great grandmother of Princess Victoria Ka‘iulani (daughter of Archibald Scott Cleghorn and Miriam Likelike).
Kama‘iku‘i, Grace [Grace Kama‘iku‘i Young Rooke]—Wife of Thomas Charles Byde Rooke; daughter of John Young (‘Olohana) and Ka‘o‘ana‘eha; granddaughter of Keli‘imaika‘i (brother of King Kamehameha I) and Kaliko‘okalani (parents of Ka‘o‘ana‘eha); great granddaughter of Keōuakupuapāikalaninui [Keōuanui] and Keku‘iapoiwa (II) (parents of Keli‘imaika‘i).
Kamaka‘eha, Lydia—See Lili‘uokalani.
Kamakaeheikuli—Mother of Kala‘imāmahu with Keōuakupuapāikalaninui [Keōuanui]; grandmother of Kekāuluohi (Miriam ‘Auhea); great grandmother of William Charles Lunalilo (King Lunalilo); mother of Kepo‘okalani with Kame‘eiamoku; grandmother of ‘Aikanaka; great grandmother of Keohokālole; great great grandmother of Miriam Likelike, Lydia Kamaka‘eha (Queen Lili‘uokalani), William Pitt Leleiōhoku (II), and David Kalākaua (King Kalākaua).
Kamakahelei—Mother of Kaumuali‘i with Kā‘eokūlani [Kā‘eo]; grandmother of Kinoiki (daughter of Kaumuali‘i and Kapuaamohu); great grandmother of Virginia Kapo‘oloku Po‘omaikelani, Esther Kinoiki Kekaulike, and Queen Kapi‘olani (children of Kūhiō and Kinoiki); wife of Kāneoneo.
Kamakahukilani—Mother of Kamā‘ule‘ule (Boki) and Kalanimoku [Kālaimoku; William (Billy) Pitt] with Kekuamanohā.
Kamaka‘īmoku—Wife of Ke‘eaumokunui; mother of Keōuakupuapāikalaninui [Keōuanui] with Ke‘eaumokunui; grandmother of King Kamehameha I (son of Keōuakupuapāikalaninui [Keōuanui]); wife of Kalaninui‘īamamao; mother of Kalani‘ōpu‘u with Kalaninui‘īamamao; grandmother of Keōuakū‘ahu‘ula and Keōuape‘e‘ale (sons of Kalani‘ōpu‘u and Kānekapolei; grandmother of Kīwala‘ō [Kīwala‘ō Kauikeaouli (Kauikeouli)] (son of Kalola and Kalani‘ōpu‘u.
Kamakau, Samuel Mānaiakalani (1815—1876)—Student at Lahainaluna School; historian, teacher; Kamakau wrote historical articles for Hawaiian language newspapers Ke Au ‘Oko‘a and Ka Nupepa Kū‘oko‘a, producing more than 200 articles between 1866 and 1871. Samuel Mānaiakalani Kamakau was also a founding member of the Royal Hawaiian Historical Society in 1841, and served in the Legislature from 1851 until his death in 1876. Kamakau’s Ruling Chiefs of Hawai‘i (Honolulu: Kamehameha Schools Press, 1961) was translated byMary Kawena Pūku‘i (1895-1986) and published by Kamehameha Schools Press in 1961. A second volume of Kamakau’s writings, entitled Ka Po‘e Kahiko: The People of Old (Honolulu: Bishop Museum Press, 1964) was translated by Pūku‘i and published by Bishop Museum Press in 1964, 88 years after Kamakau passed away.
Kamalālāwalu—Prominent chief of Maui; father of Kalakauehu; great grandfather of Kukuipua;
*Kamāmalu (1802—1824)—Daughter of King Kamehameha I and Kalākua. On her mother’s side, Kamāmalu was granddaughter of Ke‘eaumoku Pāpa‘iaheahe and Nāmāhānaikaleleonalani [Nāmāhana], and great granddaughter of Kekaulikenuiahumanu [Kekaulike] and Ha‘alo‘u (parents of Nāmāhānaikaleleonalani [Nāmāhana]). On her father’s side, Kamāmalu was granddaughter of Keōuakupuapāikalaninui [Keōuanui] and Keku‘iapoiwa (II) (father of King Kamehameha I). Kamāmalu was queen as favorite wife of King Kamehameha II (Kalaninui ‘Iolani Liholiho). Kamāmalu died of measles in London on July 8, 1824, six days before her husband, King Kamehameha II, succumbed to the disease. Kamāmalu means “The protector.”[xvi]
*Kamāmalu, Victoria Ka‘ahumanu (1838—1866)—Sister of King Kamehameha IV (Alexander Liholiho ‘Iolani), King Kamehameha V (Lot Kapuāiwa Kamehameha), and Moses Kekūāiwa; daughter of Mataio Kekūanaō‘a and Kīna‘u. On her mother’s side, Princess Victoria Kamāmalu was the granddaughter of King Kamehameha I and Kalākua, and great granddaughter of Ke‘eaumoku Pāpa‘iaheahe and Nāmāhānaikaleleonalani [Nāmāhana] (parents of Kalākua), and great great granddaughter of Kekaulikenuiahumanu [Kekaulike] and Ha‘alo‘u (parents of Nāmāhānaikaleleonalani [Nāmāhana]), and great granddaughter of Keōuakupuapāikalaninui [Keōuanui] and Keku‘iapoiwa (II) (parents of King Kamehameha I). Victoria Kamāmalu was kuhina nui (premier) from 1854 to 1864, succeeding John Young II.
Kamanawa—Son of Keawepoepoe and Kanoena; one of the sacred royal twins of Kekaulike (twin of Kame‘eiamoku); māmakakaua (warrior) of Kalani‘ōpu‘u; Kamanawa and his twin Kame‘eiamoku were makua kāne māhoe (twin uncles) of Kīwala‘ō [Kīwala‘ō Kauikeaouli (Kauikeouli)]; makua hoahānau (uncle or elder cousin) of King Kamehameha I; twin of Kame‘eiamoku; half-brother of Ke‘eaumoku Pāpa‘iaheahe; half-brother of Kahekilinui‘ahumanu [Kahekili]; Kona chief; ally of Kamehameha I in Battle of Moku‘ōhai.
Kamanawa II—Husband of Kamokuiki; father of Caesar Kapa‘akea; grandfather of Miriam Likelike, Queen Lili‘uokalani, William Pitt Leleiōhoku (II), and King Kalākaua (children of Caesar Kapa‘akea and Keohokālole); great grandfather of Princess Ka‘ilulani (daughter of Miriam Likelike and Archibald Scott Cleghorn).
Kamānele—See Ka‘ua‘umokuokamānele.
Kamā‘ule‘ule [Boki]—Son of Kekuamanohā and Kamakahukilani; grandson of Kekaulikenuiahumanu [Kekaulike] and Ha‘alo‘u (parents of Kekuamanohā); husband of Liliha; said to be named after King Kamehameha I’s favorite dog, Poki (“Boss”), a fairly common name at that time for dogs; original name was Kamā‘ule‘ule (“The one who faints”); Governor of O‘ahu under King Kamehameha II (Kalaninui ‘Iolani Liholiho); traveled to Great Britain with King Kamehameha II and Queen Kamāmalu; in the Hawaiian Islands, engaged in various enterprises, including raising sugarcane and coffee trees in Mānoa Valley; ran a shipping and mercantile business, and a liquor store called the Blonde Hotel; came into conflict with kuhina nui (premier) Ka‘ahumanu who, with the Council, charged him with intemperance, fornication, adultery and misconduct in 1827, and fined him and his wife Liliha; resisted new laws that were passed and did not enforce them; apparently died in a fire on the Kamehameha during a journey to the South Pacific in search of sandalwood.
Kame‘eiamoku (?—1804)—Kona chief; son of Keawepoepoe and Kanoena; one of the sacred royal twins of Kekaulike (twin of Kamanawa); also known as sacred twins of Keawepoepoe; māmakakaua (warrior) of Kalani‘ōpu‘u; Kame‘eiamoku and his twin Kamanawa were makua kāne māhoe (twin uncles) of Kīwala‘ō [Kīwala‘ō Kauikeaouli (Kauikeouli)]; makua hoahānau (uncle or elder cousin) of King Kamehameha I; ally of Kamehameha I in Battle of Moku‘ōhai; led warriors in Battle of Nu‘uanu; father of Kepo‘okalani with Kamakaeheikuli; grandfather of ‘Aikanaka (son of Kepo‘okalani and Keohohiwa); great grandfather of Keohokālole (daughter of ‘Aikanaka and Kama‘e); great great grandfather of Miriam Likelike, Queen Lili‘uokalani, William Pitt Leleiōhoku (II), and King Kalākaua (children of Caesar Kapa‘akea and Keohokālole); great great great grandfather of Princess Victoria Ka‘iulani (daughter of Archibald Scott Cleghorn and Miriam Likelike); grandfather of Kamanawa II (son of Alapa‘iwahine and Kepo‘okalani); great grandfather of Caesar Kapa‘akea (son of Kamanawa II and Kamokuiki); half-brother of Ke‘eaumoku Pāpa‘iaheahe; half-brother of Kahekilinui‘ahumanu [Kahekili]; father of Ulumāheihei (Hoapili).
Kamehaiku—Chief sent by Kalani‘ōpu‘u to summon Kalola and Kīwala‘ō [Kīwala‘ō Kauikeaouli (Kauikeouli)] to Waipi‘o for an important meeting regarding Kalani‘ōpu‘u’s granting of land and actions pertaining to the war god Kūkā‘ilimoku. At this meeting the war god was granted to Pai‘ea Kamehameha (the future King Kamehameha I).
Kamehameha, Lot Kapuāiwa—See King Kamehameha V.
Kamehameha I
King Kamehameha I [Pai‘ea Kamehameha] (c.1753—1819)—Reigned from 1795 to May 8, 1819; son of Keōuakupuapāikalaninui [Keōuanui] and Keku‘iapoiwa (II)[xvii]; father of Pauli Ka‘ōleiokū with Kānekapolei; grandfather of Konia [Laura Konia] (daughter of Pauli Ka‘ōleiokū and Luahine); great grandfather of Princess Bernice Pauahi Pākī Bishop (daughter of Abner Pākī and Konia [Laura Konia]); grandfather of Pauahi (daughter of Pauli Ka‘ōleiokū and Keōuawahine); great grandfather of Princess Ruth Ke‘elikōlani (daughter of Mataio Kekūanaō‘a and Kalani Pauahi); great great grandfather of William Pitt Kīna‘u (son of William Pitt Leleiōhoku (I) and Princess Ruth Ke‘elikōlani); husband of Queen Ka‘ahumanu (favorite wife); husband of Queen Keōpūolanikauhiakama [Keōpūolani] (sacred wife); father of King Kamehameha II (Kalaninui ‘Iolani Liholiho), King Kamehameha III (Kauikeaouli), and Nāhi‘ena‘ena [Nāahi‘ena‘ena; Nahienaena] with Keōpūolani; father of Kīna‘u and Kamāmalu with Kalākua; grandfather of Moses Kekūāiwa, Princess Victoria Kamāmalu, King Kamehameha IV (Alexander Liholiho ‘Iolani), and King Kamehameha V (Lot Kapuāiwa Kamehameha) (children of Mataio Kekūanaō‘a and Kīna‘u); great grandfather of Prince Albert Edward Kauikeaouli (son of King Kamehameha IV (Alexander Liholiho ‘Iolani) and Queen Emma [Kalanikaumakeamano]). Grandson of Kamaka‘īmoku and Ke‘eaumokunui (parents of Keōuakupuapāikalaninui [Keōuanui]); great grandson of Keaweikekahiali‘iokamoku [Keawe] and Kalanikauleleiaiwinui (parents of Ke‘eaumokunui).
King Kamehameha I was born at Kapākai in Kokoiki, near ‘Upolu Point in the North Kohala area of Hawai‘i Island; childhood name was Pai‘ea; overturned the Naha Stone on Hawai‘i Island in 1775 (a high priestess predicted that whoever could move this nearly 5,000-pound (2,268-kg) stone would conquer all of the Hawaiian Islands); in November of 1778, went aboard Cook’s ship, the HMS Resolution, which was anchored off Maui’s east side near Hāna; met Cook again in 1779; in 1782, at the Battle of Moku‘ōhai in Ke‘ei, Kona, Kamehameha led the chiefs allied with him to victory, and Kīwala‘ō [Kīwala‘ō Kauikeaouli (Kauikeouli)] was killed; began a military campaign to conquer other Hawaiian Islands; nī‘aupi‘o chief; in 1785, married Ka‘ahumanu; in 1790, invaded Maui and fought the Battle of Kepaniwai, where his forces prevailed and thus the island of Maui came under his rule; in 1791, his forces confronted the forces of Kahekilinui‘ahumanu [Kahekili] at the battle known as Kepūwaha‘ula‘ula, or “War of the Red Mouthed Cannon”; Kahekili’s army attacked Kamehameha’s northern coastal lands on Hawai‘i Island, from Kohala to Waipi‘o, and met Kamehameha’s fleet off the northeast coast of Hawai‘i Island, and Kamehameha’s counterattack began the first Hawaiian sea battle in which both sides were armed with foreign gunners and cannons (no clear victor emerged); in 1791, the dedication of Pu‘ukoholā Heiau took place at Kawaihae, Keōuakū‘ahu‘ula was killed and many of his chiefs and other members of his group were also slain, and Kamehameha took control of Hawai‘i Island; Note: Pu‘ukoholā means “Whale hill”[xviii] according to Pūku‘i, but was later explained by Frazier to instead be spelled Pu‘ukohola (no macron), and meaning “built as the house of the god, a pu‘u [desire] for death and not for life. The death which was to be bound securely within this heiau was in the lagoon (kai kohola) and not in the deep sea nor on land”[xix]; on February 25, 1794, during the third of three annual visits to the Hawaiian Islands, British Captain George Vancouver obtained an informal treaty of cession from Kamehameha, who received a gift of a British flag (a Union Jack) from Vancouver; in 1795, attacked O‘ahu’s forces led by Kalanikūpule (ruler of O‘ahu as the heir of Kahekili); O‘ahu’s forces were overpowered and retreated up into Nu‘uanu Valley where many were of the warriors were driven over the edge of the cliff at Nu‘uanu Pali (or jumped rather than surrender), and this came to be known as the Battle of Nu‘uanu, Kamehameha’s final conquest, which gave him control of all of the Hawaiian Islands except Kaua‘i and Ni‘ihau; established a system of government and initially ruled from Kawaihae on Hawai‘i Island, later moving the center of government to Honolulu; in 1795, married 17-year-old Keōpūolanikauhiakama [Keōpūolani], who became his highest-ranking wife and gave birth to two future kings, Kalaninui ‘Iolani Liholiho (King Kamehameha II), born in 1797, and Kauikeaouli (King Kamehameha III), born in 1814, and a princess, Nāhi‘ena‘ena [Nāahi‘ena‘ena; Nahienaena], born in 1815; in April of 1796, having already conquered O‘ahu and Maui, King Kamehameha’s invasion fleet set sail for Kaua‘i; a storm thwarted the invasion attempt and destroyed many of the fleet’s canoes, which were swamped in the rough seas and stormy winds; the last battle of King Kamehameha I occurred in Hilo in September of 1796, when his forces defeated an uprising; remained in Hilo, the capital of the kingdom, for the next six years; in 1797, passed what came to be known as Kānāwai Māmalahoe, the “Law of the Splintered Paddle,” with the intent of protecting weak people of the society from injustices imposed by those who are stronger; in 1801, when Hualālai Volcano on Hawai‘i Island erupted, Kamehameha cut his hair and threw it into the lava; an act was symbolic of giving his own self to Pele, and the flow of lava ceased; in 1802, King Kamehameha I and Kalākua gave birth to Kamāmalu, the future queen as wife of King Kamehameha II (Kalaninui ‘Iolani Liholiho); in 1803, moved his capital from Hilo to Lahaina, and then in 1804 moved capital from Lahaina to Honolulu; in 1804 epidemic of ma‘i ‘ōku‘u (thought to be cholera) delayed for the second time Kamehameha’s attempt to conquer Kaua‘i; in 1810, Kaumuali‘i met Kamehameha in Honolulu and signed a treaty ceding Kaua‘i to Kamehameha, finally uniting the Hawaiian Islands under King Kamehameha I and fulfilling the prophecy of the Naha Stone; in 1812, returned to Hawai‘i Island to live in Kailua-Kona; died on May 8, 1819, and his trusted aid Ulumāheihei (Hoapili) hid Kamehameha’s bones in a secret place; also known as Kamehameha the Great; the “Napoleon of the Pacific”; Kamehameha the Conqueror; and the “Lion of the Pacific”; Hawai‘i’s most famous warrior and king, and the first to unite all of the Hawaiian Islands under one rule; King Kamehameha I’s dynasty of succession lived on until 1872.
*Kamehameha II
King Kamehameha II [Kalaninui ‘Iolani Liholiho] (1797—July 14, 1824)—Reigned from May 20, 1819 to July 14, 1824; son of King Kamehameha I and Keōpūolanikauhiakama [Keōpūolani]. On his mother’s side, Liholiho was grandson of Kīwala‘ō [Kīwala‘ō Kauikeaouli (Kauikeouli)] and Keku‘iapoiwa Liliha, and great grandson of Kalani‘ōpu‘u and Kalola (parents of Kīwala‘ō [Kīwala‘ō Kauikeaouli (Kauikeouli)]), and Keōuakupuapāikalaninui [Keōuanui] and Kalola (parents of Keku‘iapoiwa), and great great grandson of Kekaulikenuiahumanu [Kekaulike] and Keku‘iapoiwanui [Keku‘iapoiwa (I)] (parents of Kalola). On his father’s side, Liholiho was grandson of Keōuakupuapāikalaninui [Keōuanui] and Keku‘iapoiwa (II). Liholiho was the brother of Kauikeaouli (King Kamehameha III) and Princess Nāhi‘ena‘ena [Nāahi‘ena‘ena; Nahienaena]; husband of Queen Kamāmalu (daughter of King Kamehameha I and Kalākua). King Kamehameha I’s establishment of the office of kuhina nui (premier, or regent), allowed Ka‘ahumanu (his favorite wife), to become co-ruler with King Kamehameha II, severely diminishing his power; within months of assuming the throne, King Kamehameha II ate food in public with the dowager queens Ka‘ahumanu and Keōpūolani, thus breaking the kapu against men and women eating together; the defiant act brought no retribution from the gods, and eating together was no longer kapu, beginning a process that eroded traditional Hawaiian religious beliefs and eventually led to the complete overturning of the traditional kapu system; sailed to Kaua‘i on July 21, 1821, on the royal yacht Ha‘aheo o Hawai‘i (Pride of Hawai‘i, formerly Cleopatra’s Barge) to meet with Kaumuali‘i; at Waimea, Kaua‘i on July 22, 1821, Kaumuali‘i pledged his allegiance to King Kamehameha II and accepted his sovereignty; the king then completed a 42-day tour of Kaua‘i; on September 16, King Kamehameha II invited Kaumuali‘i to come aboard his ship, Ha‘aheo o Hawai‘i (Pride of Hawai‘i), which was anchored in Waimea Bay, and then the king then set sail for O‘ahu, taking Kaumuali‘i as a prisoner; left for England on Nov. 27, 1823, on the whale ship L’aigle, leaving kuhina nui (premier) Ka‘ahumanu in charge of the government of the Hawaiian Kingdom; died of measles in London, England on July 14, 1824 (measles had taken his wife, Queen Kamāmalu, six days earlier).
*Kamehameha III
King Kamehameha III [Kauikeaouli; Kalei-o-Papa] (March 17, 1814—Dec. 15, 1854)—Reigned from June 6, 1825 to Dec. 15, 1854; son of King Kamehameha I and Keōpūolanikauhiakama [Keōpūolani]. Kauikeaouli means “Place in the blue firmament.”[xx] Another name of Kauikeaouli was Kalei-o-Papa, which means “The beloved child of Papa [the wife of Wākea].”[xxi] On his mother’s side, Kauikeaouli was grandson of Kīwala‘ō [Kīwala‘ō Kauikeaouli (Kauikeouli)] and Keku‘iapoiwa Liliha, and great grandson of Kalani‘ōpu‘u and Kalola (parents of Kīwala‘ō [Kīwala‘ō Kauikeaouli (Kauikeouli)]), and Keōuakupuapāikalaninui [Keōuanui] and Kalola (parents of Keku‘iapoiwa Liliha), and great great grandson of Kekaulikenuiahumanu [Kekaulike] and Keku‘iapoiwanui [Keku‘iapoiwa (I)] (parents of Kalola). On his father’s side, Kauikeaouli was grandson of Keōuakupuapāikalaninui [Keōuanui] and Keku‘iapoiwa (II). Kauikeaouli was the brother of Kalaninui ‘Iolani Liholiho (King Kamehameha II) and Princess Nāhi‘ena‘ena [Nāahi‘ena‘ena; Nahienaena]. Kīna‘u became kuhina nui (premier, sharing power with King Kamehameha III) in 1832, succeeding Ka‘ahumanu; Kīna‘u continued Ka‘ahumanu’s policy of supporting missionary teachings and associated laws, but this was not supported by King Kamehameha III (Kauikeaouli), who was prevented from recovering certain properties due to the laws; reconciled with Kīna‘u in 1835 and proclaimed a code of laws in line with Kīna‘u’s beliefs; issued an ordinance rejecting the Catholic religion on Dec. 18, 1837, then revoked it on June 17, 1839, issuing a statement of religious tolerance; married Kalama on Feb. 14, 1837; forced to agree to a treaty with Cyrille Pierre Theodore Laplace who arrived on the French Navy frigate Artemise on July 9, 1839, and threatened war unless $20,000 in reparations were paid and other demands were met relating to Catholic worship; formed a constitutional government in 1840 based on the political structures used by the Americans and the British, providing for: a Supreme Court; an Executive; a Legislative body of 15 hereditary nobles and seven representatives and the election of representatives (including the king and a Supreme Court) by the people, and guaranteed freedom of religious worship; acquiesced to the demands of Lord George Paulet of Britain who arrived in the Hawaiian Islands on February 10, 1843, on the frigate Carysfort and used the threat of military might to demand a formal “provisional cession” of the Hawaiian Islands to Britain, resulting in the British flag being raised in Honolulu; Admiral Richard Thomas arrived on July 26, 1843 and rescinded the provisional cession and restored the powers of King Kamehameha III (Kauikeaouli); on July 31 the British flag was lowered and the Hawaiian flag was raised; King Kamehameha III later gave a speech at a Kawaiaha‘o Church service, and is said to have spoken the words which later became Hawai‘i’s official state motto: “Ua mau ke ea o ka ‘āina o ka pono” (“The life of the land is perpetuated (preserved) in righteousness”), and the date of July 31 was later proclaimed Restoration Day; instituted a new system of private property ownership known as the Great Māhele (mahele means “division”) that took place from January 27, 1848 to March 7, 1848, and by 1850 foreigners were allowed to purchase land, and soon held virtually all privately owned land; in 1852, King Kamehameha III adopted a new constitution providing for a Legislature of two houses, nobles appointed by the king, and representatives appointed by the people; reigned for 30 years before dying childless on December 15, 1854 at the age of 41.
*Kamehameha IV
King Kamehameha IV [Alexander Liholiho ‘Iolani] (Feb. 9, 1834—Nov. 30, 1863)—Reigned from Dec. 15, 1854 to Nov. 30, 1863; son of Mataio Kekūanaō‘a and Kīna‘u. On his mother’s side, King Kamehameha IV was the grandson of King Kamehameha I and Kalākua, and great grandson of Ke‘eaumoku Pāpa‘iaheahe and Nāmāhānaikaleleonalani [Nāmāhana] (parents of Kalākua), and great great grandson of Kekaulikenuiahumanu [Kekaulike] and Ha‘alo‘u (parents of Nāmāhānaikaleleonalani [Nāmāhana]), and great grandson of Keōuakupuapāikalaninui [Keōuanui] and Keku‘iapoiwa (II) (parents of King Kamehameha I). King Kamehameha IV was the brother of King Kamehameha V (Lot Kapuāiwa Kamehameha), Victoria Ka‘ahumanu Kamāmalu, Moses Kekūāiwa, and David Kamehameha (died young). King Kamehameha IV (Alexander Liholiho ‘Iolani) traveled to Europe as a child; aided sugar merchants in beginning plantation agriculture, including importation of laborers; married Emma Na‘ea Rooke (great-granddaughter of the brother of Kamehameha I) at Kawaiaha‘o Church on June 19, 1856, and they gave birth to Prince Albert Edward Kauikeaouli Leiopapa o Kamehameha on May 20, 1858; the young prince died in 1862 at the age of four; on April 25, 1859, King Kamehameha IV signed a law establishing a hospital in Honolulu, and with Queen Emma [Kalanikaumakeamano] raised funds for Queen’s Hospital (later built on the same site); established the Anglican Church in Hawaiian Islands.
*Kamehameha V
King Kamehameha V [Lot Kapuāiwa Kamehameha] (Dec. 11, 1830—Dec. 11, 1872).—Reigned from Nov. 30, 1863 to Dec. 11, 1872; son of Mataio Kekūanaō‘a and Kīna‘u. On his mother’s side, King Kamehameha V was the grandson of King Kamehameha I and Kalākua, and great grandson of Ke‘eaumoku Pāpa‘iaheahe and Nāmāhānaikaleleonalani [Nāmāhana] (parents of Kalākua), and great great grandson of Kekaulikenuiahumanu [Kekaulike] and Ha‘alo‘u (parents of Nāmāhānaikaleleonalani [Nāmāhana]), and great grandson of Keōuakupuapāikalaninui [Keōuanui] and Keku‘iapoiwa (II) (parents of King Kamehameha I). King Kamehameha V (Lot Kapuāiwa Kamehameha) was the brother of King Kamehameha IV (Alexander Liholiho ‘Iolani), Victoria Ka‘ahumanu Kamāmalu, Moses Kekūāiwa, and David Kamehameha (died young); traveled to Europe as a child; Minister of the Interior (six years) and Minister of Finance (one year) during reign of King Kamehameha IV; refused to take an oath supporting Constitution of 1852, and proclaimed a new constitution, angering foreign interests (The Hawaiian Islands lived under this constitution for the next 23 years); died childless without appointing a successor.
Kamehameha, David (1828—1835)—Son of King Kamehameha III (Kauikeaouli) and Queen Kalama.
Kamehamehanui—Husband of Nāmāhānaikaleleonalani [Nāmāhana]; the son of the half-sister of Kekaulikenuiahumanu [Kekaulike].
Kamoho‘ula—Leader of Hilo warriors of Keawe‘ōpala in battle against Ka‘ū warriors of Kalani‘ōpu‘u inland of Kawaihae between Ke‘ei and Hōnaunau (Keawe‘ōpala was killed in this battle).
Kamokolunuiokalani—Daughter of Kalanikamahao and Wao; wife of Kalani‘ōpu‘u; mother of Pualinui with Kalani‘ōpu‘u.
Kamokuiki—Wife of Kamanawa II; mother of Caesar Kapa‘akea; grandmother of Miriam Likelike, Queen Lili‘uokalani, William Pitt Leleiōhoku (II), and King Kalākaua (children of Caesar Kapa‘akea and Keohokālole); great grandmother of Princess Ka‘ilulani (daughter of Miriam Likelike and Archibald Scott Cleghorn).
Kamokulaniali‘i—Said to have been strangled in a stream near Kahaukomo in Kamana Nui Valley on O‘ahu because he refused to battle the invading Pai‘ea Kamehameha.[xxii]
Kana‘ina, Charles (c.1801—1877)—Husband of Kekāuluohi (Miriam ‘Auhea); father of King Lunalilo (William Charles Lunalilo); adopted Kalama, who became queen as wife of King Kamehameha III (Kauikeaouli).
Kanakaleonui—Retainer of ‘Umi-a-Līloa. Kanakaleonui means “Loud-voiced person.”[xxiii]
Kanaloanuiokeakawaiea—Killed by Lonoikamakahiki in battle.
Kāne‘alae—Wife of Keaweikekahiali‘iokamoku [Keawe]; daughter of eastern Moloka‘i chief who later married Maui ruler Kekaulikenuiahumanu [Kekaulike].
Kānealai—Chiefess; said to have planted a mountain apple (‘ōhi‘a-‘ai) tree at Moakea “White chicken.”[xxiv]
Kāneikaheilani—High chiefess of Kaua‘i; wife of Ka‘aloaolonoapi‘i; mother of Kalelemauli with Ka‘aloaolonoapi‘i; grandmother of Ha‘alo‘u (daughter of Kalelemauli and Hā‘ae); great grandmother of Nāmāhānaikaleleonalani [Nāmāhana], Kekuamanohā, Kekuapo‘i, and Kamohomoho (children of Ha‘alo‘u and Kekaulikenuiahumanu [Kekaulike]); mother of Muolehua with Ka‘aloa‘api‘ilani.
Kānekapolei—High chiefess known for her great beauty; wife of Kalani‘ōpu‘u; mother of twins Keōuakū‘ahu‘ula and Keōuape‘e‘ale; wife of King Kamehameha I after Kalani‘ōpu‘u’s death; mother of King Kamehameha I’s first son, Pauli Ka‘ōleiokū; grandmother of Konia [Laura Konia]; great grandmother of Princess Bernice Pauahi Pākī Bishop (daughter of Konia [Laura Konia] and Abner Pākī); grandmother of Kalani Pauahi (daughter of Pauli Ka‘ōleiokū and Keōuawahine); great grandmother of Princess Ruth Ke‘elikōlani (daughter of Mataio Kekūanaō‘a and Kalani Pauahi); great great grandmother of William Pitt Kīna‘u (son of William Pitt Leleiōhoku (I) and Princess Ruth Ke‘elikōlani).
Kānekoa—Famous brave warrior chief of Hāmakua and Waimea, makua kāne (elder cousin) of Kamehameha; older brother of Kaha‘i; māmakakaua (“carrier of war”) of Kalani‘opu‘u; joined in funeral journey of Kalani‘ōpu‘u; turned against Kamehameha at the Battle of Moku‘ōhai.
Kāne‘ōlaelae—Famous warrior of Maui ruler Kahekilinui‘ahumanu [Kahekili]; led battle against Hawai‘i Island warriors of Kalani‘ōpu‘u at Kaupō, Maui, resulting in the death of many Hawai‘i Island warriors. This was the battle in which the famous warrior Kekūhaupi‘o was surrounded by Maui warriors and rescued by Pai‘ea Kamehameha, the future King Kamehameha I.
Kāneoneo—Husband of Kamakahelei.
Kanoena—Kāula wahine from Keālia, South Kona; famous kāula (seer); attended conference called by Kalani‘ōpu‘u in North Kohala to discuss knowledge of the rising young warrior chief Kamehameha.
Ka‘o‘ana‘eha—Mother of Fanny Kekelaokalani Young, Grace Kama‘iku‘i, and John Young II with John Young (‘Olohana); grandmother of Queen Emma [Kalanikaumakeamano] (daughter of Fanny Kekelaokalani Young and George Na‘ea; great grandmother of Prince Albert Edward Kauikeaouli (son of King Kamehameha IV (Alexander Liholiho ‘Iolani) and Queen Emma).
Ka‘ōleiokū, Pauli (c.1767—1818)—Son of King Kamehameha I (his first) by Kānekapolei; father of Kalani Pauahi with Keōuawahine; grandfather of Princess Ruth Ke‘elikōlani (son of Mataio Kekūanaō‘a and Kalani Pauahi); grandfather of William Pitt Kīna‘u (son of William Pitt Leleiōhoku (I) and Princess Ruth Ke‘elikōlani); father of Konia [Laura Konia] with Luahine; grandfather of Princess Bernice Pauahi Pākī Bishop (daughter of Abner Pākī and Konia [Laura Konia]).
Ka‘ōpūiki—Hawai‘i Island chief that took the skiff of Simon Metcalfe, prompting the Olowalu Massacre.
Ka‘ōpulupulu—Renown kahuna of Waimea heiau on O‘ahu; older brother of Kaleopu‘upu‘u; “from the kāhuna class of Ka‘eka‘e, Maliu, and Malela, the great kāhuna who were brought to the Hawaiian Islands by High Chief Paumakualani from the lands of Kahiki Kū and Kahiki Moe [foreign lands].”[xxv]
Kapa‘akea, Caesar—Husband of Keohokālole; father of King Kalākaua, Queen Lili‘uokalani, William Pitt Leleiōhoku (II) and Miriam Likelike; son of Kamanawa II and Kamokuiki; grandson of Alapa‘iwahine and Kepo‘okalani (parents of Kamanawa II); great grandson of Kame‘eiamoku and Kamakaeheikuli (parents of Kepo‘okalani). Kapa‘akea means “The coral or limestone surface.”[xxvi]
Kapaemāhū—One of four renown Tahitian healers that visited the Hawaiian Islands, who before leaving was said to have transferred his own powers into Nā Pōhaku Ola Kapaemāhu Ā Kapuni, the Stones of Life, which may still be seen in Waikīkī.[xxvii]
Kapahiahuakane—Father of Heulu.
Kapakāhili—Maui chief killed by Kamehameha in the 1790 Battle of Kepaniwai.
Kapi‘ioho—Kapi‘ioho means “The curly hair.” O‘ahu chief; defeated in a battle at Kawela; the heiau Kalua-o-Kapi‘ioho (“The pit of Kapi‘ioho”) was probably named after him.[xxviii]
Kapi‘ioho-o-kalani (“The head curls of the royal chief”)—O‘ahu chief killed in 1736 at Kawela in southern Moloka‘i in five day battle against warriors of Hawai‘i Island and Moloka‘i who were led by Alapa‘inui.; in 1736 led armies of Hawai‘i Island and Moloka‘i against the invading armies of O‘ahu. After five days of fighting at Kawela (“The heat”) in southern Moloka‘i, the O‘ahu chief Kapi‘iohookalani (“The head curls of the royal chief”) was killed and his O‘ahu army was defeated.[xxix]
*Kapi‘olani (I) [Kapi‘olaninui](1781—1841)—Chiefess; daughter of Keawemauhili; sister of Keaweokahikona; captured with parents at Battle of Moku‘ōhai, abandoned in forest, and later found; wife of Nāihe; known for defying Pele in 1824; namesake of Queen Kapi‘olani (Kapi‘olani II, wife of King Kalākaua).
Kapi‘olani (II), Queen Kapi‘olani (1834—1899)—Sister of Virginia Kapo‘oloku Po‘omaikelani, and Esther Kinoiki Kekaulike; husband of Nāmākēhā; governess of Prince Albert (child of King Kamehameha IV (Alexander Liholiho ‘Iolani) and Queen Emma [Kalanikaumakeamano]); later became Queen Kapi‘olani as husband of King Kalākaua (married in 1863); daughter of Kūhiō and Kinoiki; granddaughter of Kaumuali‘i (ruler of Kaua‘i) and Kapuaamohu (parents of Kinoiki); great granddaughter of Kā‘eokūlani [Kā‘eo] and Kamakahelei (parents of Kaumuali‘i); great great granddaughter of Kekaulikenuiahumanu [Kekaulike] and Holau (parents of Kā‘eokūlani [Kā‘eo]); attended the jubilee of Great Britain’s Queen Victoria and then visited United States President Grover Cleveland; supported charitable causes dedicated to helping Hawaiian girls and women.
Kapoukahi—A highly respected seer and kahuna (priest) of Kaua‘i, who advised the rising warrior Kamehameha to build a massive luakini heiau (where human sacrifices were performed) to his war god, Kūkā‘ilimoku, at Kawaihae on Hawai‘i Island. This heiau was to be named Pu‘ukoholā (“Whale hill”) (See Chapter 11, Timeline: 1790.) Note: Pu‘ukoholā means “Whale hill”[xxx] according to Pūku‘i, but was later explained by Frazier to instead be spelled Pu‘ukohola (no macron), and meaning “built as the house of the god, a pu‘u [desire] for death and not for life. The death which was to be bound securely within this heiau was in the lagoon (kai kohola) and not in the deep sea nor on land.”[xxxi]
Kapuaamohu—Father of Kinoiki with Kaumuali‘i.
Kapua‘ahiwalani—Ka‘ū chief under Keōuakū‘ahu‘ula; grandfather of Judge Kauhane; grandson of Kapua‘akuni; after death of Kalani‘ōpu‘u when Keōuakū‘ahu‘ula was denied land by Kīwala‘ō [Kīwala‘ō Kauikeaouli (Kauikeouli)], Kapua‘ahiwalani led the army of warriors called Pōniu, who were known for their skills at “whirling spears.”
Kapule, Deborah [Kekaiha‘akūlou] (1798—1853)—Favorite queen of Kaumuali‘i (ruler of Kaua‘i); later weds Simon Kaiu; fought against Kaua‘i rebellion led by George P. Kaumuali‘i (Humehume) but still lost most of her property and was imprisoned for a time on O‘ahu.
Kapuni—One of four renown Tahitian healers that visited the Hawaiian Islands, who before leaving was said to have transferred his own powers into Nā Pōhaku Ola Kapaemāhu Ā Kapuni, the Stones of Life, which may still be seen in Waikīkī.[xxxii]
Kauanoano—Kahu (guardian) of Keawemauhili; advised Kamehameha to leave.
Kauanono‘ula—Chiefess; said to be fond of playing the game of kōnane.[xxxiii]
Ka‘ua‘umokuokamānele [Kamānele]—Chiefess; daughter of Kuakini; governor of Hawai‘i Island; passed away at about age 20 in 1834.[xxxiv]
Kauhiokaka—Wife of Keaweikekahiali‘iokamoku [Keawe]; daughter of Lonoma‘aikanaka.
Kauikeaouli—See Kamehameha III.
Kauikeaouli, Prince Albert Edward(1858—1862)—Son of King Kamehameha IV (Alexander Liholiho ‘Iolani) and Queen Emma [Kalanikaumakeamano]. On his mother’s side, Prince Albert Edward Kauikeaouli was the grandson of George Na‘ea and Fanny Kekelaokalani Young, and the great grandson of John Young (‘Olohana) and Ka‘o‘ana‘eha (parents of Fanny Kekelaokalani Young), and the great great grandson of Keli‘imaika‘i and Kaliko‘okalani (parents of Ka‘o‘ana‘eha), and the great great great grandson of Keōuakupuapāikalaninui [Keōuanui] and Keku‘iapoiwa (II) (parents of Keli‘imaika‘i; also the parents of King Kamehameha I). On his father’s side, Prince Albert Edward Kauikeaouli was the grandson of Mataio Kekūanaō‘a and Kalani Pauahi, and the great grandson of Pauli Ka‘ōleiokū and Keōuawahine (parents of Kalani Pauahi), and the great great grandson of King Kamehameha I and Kānekapolei (parents of Pauli Ka‘ōleiokū), and the great great great grandson of Keōuakupuapāikalaninui [Keōuanui] and Keku‘iapoiwa (II) (parents of King Kamehameha I).
Kaukahiakua—Father of Ho‘ohi‘olo‘olo with Ho‘onohoka‘ie‘ie.
Ka‘uluhuaikahāpapa—Puna chief; Ka‘uluhuaikahāpapa means “The breadfruit bearing fruit on the flats.”[xxxv]
Kaulunae—Son of Kūma‘aikū and Keawepoepoe; brother of Ke‘eaumoku Pāpa‘iaheahe and Alapa‘imaloiki.
Kaukoko—Uncle and instructor of Kekūhaupi‘o in warrior skills and martial arts including spear hurling; lived village of La‘aloa near Kahalu‘u; instructed O‘ahu ruler Kahahana in fighting method known as the “many-pointed spear”; with Kekūhaupi‘o instructed Kukalohe, the son (husband) of Moana; an instructor of Eianinui [Elani]; in Hālawa trained Kamehameha and Kekūhaupi‘o in the “many-pointed spear” techniques as well as hu ua ma‘a (sling).
*Kaumuali‘i (c.1780—1824)—Father of Kinoiki with Kapuaamohu; grandfather of Queen Kapi‘olani, Virginia Kapo‘oloku Po‘omaikelani, and Ether Kinoiki Kekaulike; son of Kā‘eokūlani [Kā‘eo] (father) and Kamakahelei (mother); grandson of Kekaulikenuiahumanu [Kekaulike] and Holau (parents of Kā‘eokūlani [Kā‘eo]); husband of Deborah Kapule (Kekaiha‘akūlou); father of George P. Kaumuali‘i (Humehume) who was taken to the United States at age seven and returned with the First Company of American missionaries in 1820; paramount chief of Kaua‘i; resisted efforts of King Kamehameha I to conquer Kaua‘i; eventually ceded the island of Kaua‘i to King Kamehameha I in 1810; supported Russian occupation (led by George Anton Schäffer) of Kaua‘i in 1816-1817; pledged his allegiance to King Kamehameha II (Kalaninui ‘Iolani Liholiho) on September 16, 1821, but then taken prisoner by the King Kamehameha II on September 16, 1821; married kuhina nui (premier) Ka‘ahumanu, former favorite wife of King Kamehameha I.
Kaumuali‘i, George P. (Prince) [Humehume] (c.1798—1826)—Son of Kaumuali‘i; grandson of Kā‘eokūlani [Kā‘eo] and Kamakahelei (parents of Kaumuali‘i); great grandson of Kekaulikenuiahumanu [Kekaulike] and Holau (parents of Kā‘eokūlani [Kā‘eo]); taken to United States at about age seven, reportedly to protect him from queen; wounded in service for U.S. Navy; returned to the Hawaiian Islands on Thaddeus with First Company of American missionaries in 1820; married Betty Davis, wife of Isaac Davis (‘Aikake); instigated rebellion on Kaua‘i in 1824; defeated by Kalanimoku [Kālaimoku; William (Billy) Pitt] and kuhina nui (premier) Ka‘ahumanu; remained imprisoned on O‘ahu until death of influenza on May 3, 1826.
Kaupekamoku—Mother of Ka‘iana‘ahu‘ula [Ka‘iana].
Kauwahine—Wife of Kahekilinui‘ahumanu [Kahekili]; mother of Kalanikūpule with Kahekili.
Kawelookalani—Kaikaina and ally of Pai‘ea Kamehameha (King Kamehameha I).
Kawānanakoa, Prince David—Brother of Prince Edward Keali‘ihonui and Prince Jonah Kūhiō Kalaniana‘ole Pi‘ikoi; son of David Kahalepouli Pi‘ikoi and Princess Esther Kinoiki Kekaulike; grandson of Kūhiō and Kinoiki (parents of Esther Kinoiki Kekaulike); great grandson of Kapuaamohu and Kaumuali‘i (parents of Kinoiki); great great grandson of Kā‘eokūlani [Kā‘eo] and Kamakahelei (parents of Kaumuali‘i); great great great grandson of Kekaulikenuiahumanu [Kekaulike] and Holau (parents of Kā‘eokūlani [Kā‘eo]); nephew of Queen Kapi‘olani (sister of Princess Esther Kinoiki Kekaulike).
Kawapaka—Foster father of Desha’s wife’s grandfather (married to his mother’s sister); renowned fisherman for Nāpo‘opo‘o chiefs; described method of fishing for niuhi (tiger shark, Galeocerdo cuvieri).
Kawelo‘okalani—Brother of King Kamehameha I; Kona chief.
Kawelookalaninui—Son of Kalani‘ōpu‘u and Hākau.
Keahia—See Kaha‘i.
Keaka—Senior wife of high chief Alapa‘inui; guardian of Pai‘ea Kamehameha, the future King Kamehameha I, from the ages of five to ten years old, at the court of Alapa‘inui at Hilo.
Keakealani—High chiefess of Hilo; entertained the young warrior chief Kamehameha at Hakalau before a major battle there.
Keākealani—Mother of Keaweikekahiali‘iokamoku [Keawe]; ruled “in name only” over the Hawai‘i Island districts of Ka‘ū, Kona, and Kohala. Keākealani means “Breadth [of] heaven.”[xxxvi]
Keali‘imahi‘ai—Chiefess; daughter of Nāhaku‘elupua [Nāhaku‘elua Pua] of Mō‘ili‘ili. Mahi‘ai means “farmer.”
Keali‘iahonui—Heir of Kaua‘i’s paramount chief (king), Kamuali‘i.
Keali‘ihonui, Prince Edward—Brother of Prince David Kawānanakoa and Prince Jonah Kūhiō Kalaniana‘ole Pi‘ikoi; son of David Kahalepouli Pi‘ikoi and Princess Esther Kinoiki Kekaulike; grandson of Kūhiō and Kinoiki (parents of Esther Kinoiki Kekaulike); great grandson of Kapuaamohu and Kaumuali‘i (parents of Kinoiki); great great grandson of Kā‘eokūlani [Kā‘eo] and Kamakahelei (parents of Kaumuali‘i); great great great grandson of Kekaulikenuiahumanu [Kekaulike] and Holau (parents of Kā‘eokūlani [Kā‘eo]); nephew of Queen Kapi‘olani (sister of Princess Esther Kinoiki Kekaulike).
Keali‘iokahekili—Mother of Ulumāheihei (Hoapili), whose father is Kame‘eiamoku.
Keaniani—Seer; defied the kapu of Kalanikūpule by removing kapu sticks guarding Kamana Nui Valley at Moanalua, O‘ahu. A ridge inland of Kahuluamanu is named after this seer. Keaniani means “Transparent.”[xxxvii]
Keaulumoku—Renowned kāula (prophet, seer); composed genealogical chant about birth of Kamehameha (I) before the future king’s birth.
Keawe—See Keaweikekahiali‘iokamoku.
Keaweāheulu[xxxviii]—See Kalua‘apana Keaweāheulu.
Keaweikekahiali‘iokamoku—[Keawe; Keaweikekahi-Ali‘i-o-ka-Moku], ruler 1720-1740]----Paramount chief of Hawai‘i Island before Kalani‘ōpu‘u; son of Kanaloakapulehu and Keākealani (“Breadth [of] heaven.”[xxxix]); wives included Lonoma‘aikanaka, Kalanikauleleiaiwi, Kāne‘alae, Kauhiokaka, and two others;father of Ahu‘ula, Keawemauhili and Ke‘eaumoku Pāpa‘iaheahe; grandfather of Kuakini, Kalākua, Ke‘eaumoku (II) [Governor Cox], and Ka‘ahumanu (children of Ke‘eaumoku Pāpa‘iaheahe and Nāmāhānaikaleleonalani [Nāmāhana]); great grandfather of Kīna‘u and Kamāmalu (children of King Kamehameha I and Kalākua); great grandfather of Ka‘ua‘umokuokamānele [Kamānele] (daughter of Kuakini); great great grandfather of King Kamehameha IV (Alexander Liholiho ‘Iolani), and King Kamehameha V (Lot Kapuāiwa Kamehameha), Princess Victoria Kamāmalu, and Moses Kekūāiwa (children of Mataio Kekūanaō‘a and Kīna‘u); husband of Kalanikauleleiaiwinui; father of Ke‘eaumokunui; grandfather of Keōuakupuapāikalaninui [Keōuanui] (son of Kamaka‘īmoku and Ke‘eaumokunui); great grandfather of King Kamehameha I (son of Keōuakupuapāikalaninui [Keōuanui]).[Note: This entry in progress]
Keawemahi—Wife of Kaikio‘ewa (1765—1839), who became Governor of Kaua‘i in 1825 after Kaua‘i rebellion was thwarted; took over as Governor of Kaua‘i when Kaikio‘ewa died.
Keawemauhili(?—1790)—High chief of Hilo district; son of Kekaulikeikawēkiuokalani and Kalaninui‘īamamao; grandson of Lonoma‘aikanaka and Keaweikekahiali‘iokamoku [Keawe] (parents of Kalaninui‘īamamao); father of chiefess Kapi‘olani (I) [Kapi‘olaninui] and Keaweokahikona with Ululani [Ululani-a-Moku], and the possessor of the naha kapu, giving Keawemauhili his high status; half-brother and māmakakaua (“carrier of war”) of Kalani‘ōpu‘u, the uncle of Keōuakū‘ahu‘ula and Kīwala‘ō [Kīwala‘ō Kauikeaouli (Kauikeouli)]; ali‘i ‘ai kalana of Hilo districts and high-ranking chief under the ali‘i ‘ai moku Kalani‘ōpu‘u during early battles with Kahekilinui‘ahumanu [Kahekili]; supported Kalani‘ōpu‘u in 1776 Maui battle; attended funeral journey of Kalani‘ōpu‘u; ally of Kīwala‘ō [Kīwala‘ō Kauikeaouli (Kauikeouli)] at 1782 Battle of Moku‘ōhai, where he was defeated and captured, and then escaped; became ruling chief of Hilo; supported Kamehameha I in his invasion of Maui, angering Keōuakū‘ahu‘ula, whose forces attacked him, killing Keawemauhili inland north Hilo Bay.
Keawemauhili was the grandson of Keaweikekahiali‘iokamoku [Keawe] on his father’s side, and great grandson of Keaweikekahiali‘iokamoku [Keawe] on his mother’s side, his name reflects this, and means “Keawe of the double twist,” a reference to the genealogical connection to Keaweikekahiali‘iokamoku [Keawe] on both sides of the family.
Note—Spelling clarification: Frazier[xl] notes that the spelling “Keawemauhili” (no ‘okina) more properly reflects the original meaning and symbolism; the spelling “Keaweama‘uhili” is used by Pūku‘i in ‘Ōlelo No‘eau (1983),[xli] and elsewhere.
Keaweokahikona—Son of Keawemauhiliand Ululani; grandson of Kekaulikeikawēkiuokalani and Kalaninui‘īamamao (parents of Keawemauhili); great grandson of Lonoma‘aikanaka and Keaweikekahiali‘iokamoku [Keawe] (parents of Kalaninui‘īamamao); kaikunāne (brother) of Kapi‘olani (I) [Kapi‘olaninui]. Renown ally of rising warrior Pai‘ea Kamehameha; famous for his warrior skills; broad-shouldered Hilo chief with ‘ehu (reddish) hair; famous and handsome warrior; ally of Kamehameha I, supporting him at Battle of Moku‘ōhai, instead of his own father, Keawemauhili; naha chief; dedicated at birth on the Naha stone, the royal birthstone in Hilo; excelled in warrior skills; ally of Kamehameha
Keawe‘ōpala—Son of Alapa‘inui [Alapa‘i]; heir or rule bequeathed by Alapa‘inui; paramount chief of Hawai‘i Island; inherited his father’s domain; ali‘i ‘ai moku of “Hawai‘i Nui O Keawe” (Hawai‘i Island); after father’s death was attacked by Kalani‘ōpu‘u inland of Kawaihae.
Keawepoepoe—Father of Kame‘eiamoku and Kamanawa (sacred twins); father of Ke‘eaumoku Pāpa‘iaheahe, Alapa‘imaloiki, and Kaulunae with Kūma‘aikū.
Ke‘eaumokunui—Husband of Kamaka‘īmoku; son of Keaweikekahiali‘iokamoku [Keawe] and Kalanikauleleiawinui; father of Keōuakupuapāikalaninui [Keōuanui]; grandfather of King Kamehameha I (son of Keōuakupuapāikalaninui [Keōuanui]).
*Ke‘eaumoku Pāpa‘iaheahe (c.1736—1804)—Son of Keawepoepoe and Kūma‘aikū; husband of Nāmāhānaikaleleonalani [Nāmāhana]; father of Queen Ka‘ahumanu, Kalākua, Kuakini, and Ke‘eaumoku (II) [Governor Cox] with Nāmāhānaikaleleonalani [Nāmāhana]; grandfather of Ka‘ua‘umokuokamānele [Kamānele] (daughter of Kuakini); Kona chief; ally and father-in-law of King Kamehameha I; leader of Kamehameha’s warriors in battle; brother of Alapa‘imaloiki and Kaulunae (children of Keawepoepoe and Kūma‘aikū); extremely tall (according to oral tradition).
Ke‘eaumoku II[Governor Cox] (?—1823)—Son of Ke‘eaumoku Pāpa‘iaheahe; governor of Maui.
Ke‘elikōlani, Princess Ruth (1826—1883)—Daughter of Mataio Kekūanaō‘a and Kalani Pauahi; wife of William Pitt Leleiōhoku (I), and their child was William Pitt Kīna‘u; wife of Isaac Young Davis; and their child was Kaeolaokalani, who died at six months old. On her mother’s side, Princess Ruth was the granddaughter of Keōuwahine and Pauli Ka‘ōleiokū, and great granddaughter of King Kamehameha I and Kānekapolei (parents of Pauli Ka‘ōleiokū). During the 1880 eruption of Mauna Loa Volcano threatening Hilo, Princess Ruth supplicated volcano goddess Pele with chants and gifts, and the lava flow stopped at edge of town.
Keka‘anī‘au—Chiefess; daughter of La‘anui; granddaughter of Nuhi.
Kekaiha‘akūlou—See Kapule, Deborah.
Kekaulike—See Kekaulikenuiahumanu [Kekaulike].
Kekaulikenuiahumanu [Kekaulike] (?—1736)—Father of Kekuamanohā and Nāmāhānaikaleleonalani [Nāmāhana] with Ha‘alo‘u; grandfather of Kalākua, Kuakini, Ke‘eaumoku (II) [Governor Cox], and Ka‘ahumanu (children of Ke‘eaumoku Pāpa‘iaheahe and Nāmāhānaikaleleonalani [Nāmāhana]); great grandfather of Kīna‘u and Kamāmalu (children of King Kamehameha I and Kalākua); great grandfather of Ka‘ua‘umokuokamānele [Kamānele] (daughter of Kuakini); great great grandfather of Moses Kekūāiwa, Princess Victoria Kamāmalu, King Kamehameha IV (Alexander Liholiho ‘Iolani), and King Kamehameha V (Lot Kapuāiwa Kamehameha) (children of Mataio Kekūanaō‘a and Kīna‘u); father of Kamehamehanui, Kalola, and Kahekilinui‘ahumanu [Kahekili] with Keku‘iapoiwanui [Keku‘iapoiwa (I)]; grandfather of Keku‘iapoiwa Liliha (daughter of Kalola and Keōuakupuapāikalaninui [Keōuanui]); great grandfather of Keōpūolanikauhiakama [Keōpūolani] (daughter of Kīwala‘ō [Kīwala‘ō Kauikeaouli (Kauikeouli)] and Keku‘iapoiwa Liliha); great great grandfather of King Kamehameha II (Kalaninui ‘Iolani Liholiho), King Kamehameha III (Kauikeaouli), and Nāhi‘ena‘ena [Nāahi‘ena‘ena; Nahienaena] (children of King Kamehameha I and Keōpūolani); father of Kā‘eokūlani [Kā‘eo] with Holau; grandfather of Kaumuali‘i (son of Kā‘eokūlani [Kā‘eo] and Kamakahelei); great grandfather of Kinoiki (daughter of Kapuaamohu and Kaumuali‘i); great great grandfather of Queen Kapi‘olani, Virginia Kapo‘oloku Po‘omaikelani, and Esther Kinoiki Kekaulike; died of epilepsy after invading Kohala. Kekaulike means “The equality.”[xlii]
Kekaulike, Esther Kinoiki—Princess as sister of Queen Kapi‘olani and Virginia Kapo‘oloku Po‘omaikelani; husband of David Kahalepouli Pi‘ikoi; mother of Prince Edward Keali‘ihonui, Prince David Kawānanakoa, and Prince Jonah Kūhiō Kalaniana‘ole Pi‘ikoi; daughter of Kūhiō and Kinoiki; granddaughter of Kaumuali‘i (paramount ruler of Kaua‘i) and Kapuaamohu (parents of Kinoiki); great granddaughter of Kā‘eokūlani [Kā‘eo] and Kamakahelei (parents of Kaumuali‘i); great great granddaughter of Kekaulikenuiahumanu [Kekaulike] and Holau (parents of Kā‘eokūlani [Kā‘eo]). Kekaulike means “The equality”[xliii]).
Kekaulikeikawēkiuokalani—Mother of Keawemauhili with Kalaninui‘īamamao; grandmother of Keaweokahikona (son of Keawemauhili and Ululani).
*Kekāuluohi (Miriam ‘Auhea) (1794—1845)—Daughter of Kala‘imāmahu and Kalākua; granddaughter of Keōuakupuapāikalaninui [Keōuanui] and Kamakaeheikuli (parents of Kala‘imāmahu); granddaughter of Ke‘eaumoku Pāpa‘iaheahe and Nāmāhānaikaleleonalani [Nāmāhana] (parents of Kalākua); half-sister of Queen Kamāmalu (wife of King Kamehameha II); wife of Kamehameha I (one of five); after King Kamehameha I’s death, she was wife of King Kamehameha II (Kalaninui ‘Iolani Liholiho); wife of Charles Kana‘ina (1834), with whom she had Lunalilo (who later became King Lunalilo after the death of King Kamehameha V (Lot Kapuāiwa Kamehameha)); half-sister of Kīna‘u (daughter of King Kamehameha I and Kalākua; succeeded Kīna‘u as kuhina nui (premier) for King Kamehameha III and served as kuhina nui from 1839 to 1845. Kekāuluohi means “The vine growing [with] shoots.”[xliv]
Kekelaokalani I—Husband of Hā‘ae; sister of Keku‘iapoiwanui [Keku‘iapoiwa (I)].
Kekiko‘ola Lalanikauleleaiwi—Mother of Kaikio‘ewa.
Kekūāiwa, Moses (1829—1848)—Brother of King Kamehameha IV (Alexander Liholiho ‘Iolani); King Kamehameha V (Lot Kapuāiwa Kamehameha); and Princess Victoria Kamāmalu; son of Mataio Kekūanaō‘a and Kīna‘u. On his mother’s side, Moses Kekūāiwa was the grandson of King Kamehameha I and Kalākua, and great grandson of Ke‘eaumoku Pāpa‘iaheahe and Nāmāhānaikaleleonalani [Nāmāhana] (parents of Kalākua), and great great grandson of Kekaulikenuiahumanu [Kekaulike] and Ha‘alo‘u (parents of Nāmāhānaikaleleonalani [Nāmāhana]), and great grandson of Keōuakupuapāikalaninui [Keōuanui] and Keku‘iapoiwa (II) (parents of King Kamehameha I).
Kekuamanohā—Son of Kekaulikenuiahumanu [Kekaulike] and Ha‘alo‘u; father of Kalanimoku [Kālaimoku; William (Billy) Pitt] and Kamā‘ule‘ule (Boki) with Kamakahukilani.
Kekūanaō‘a, Mataio (1794—1868)—High chief; with Kalani Pauahi (a granddaughter of King Kamehameha I), Mataio Kekūanaō‘a was the father of Princess Ruth Ke‘elikōlani; in 1827 married Kīna‘u (daughter of King Kamehameha I), and they were the parents of David Kamehameha (who died young), King Kamehameha IV (Alexander Liholiho ‘Iolani), King Kamehameha V (Lot Kapuāiwa Kamehameha), Princess Victoria Kamāmalu, and Moses Kekūāiwa (governor of O‘ahu in 1840s); punahele (favorite friend) of young Kalaninui ‘Iolani Liholiho (the future King Kamehameha II); went to London with King Kamehameha II in 1823; member of Privy Council and House of Nobles; governor of O‘ahu; built Hale Ali‘i in midtown Honolulu for his daughter, Princess Victoria Kamāmalu, but instead the building was used as a royal palace and eventually removed to make way for ‘Iolani Palace, which was built on the same site.
Kekuaokalani—Nephew of King Kamehameha I; son of Keli‘imaika‘i and Kaliko‘okalani; grandson of Keōuakupuapāikalaninui [Keōuanui] and Keku‘iapoiwa (II) (parents of Keli‘imaika‘i); rebelled against the abolishment of the eating kapu by King Kamehameha II (Kalaninui ‘Iolani Liholiho); killed in 1819 battle against forces of Kalanimoku [Kālaimoku; William (Billy) Pitt] at Kuamo‘o on Hawai‘i Island.
Kekuaokalani, Peter Kā‘eo—Great grandson of Muolehua.
Kekuapo‘i—Wife of the O‘ahu’s chief Kahahana; fled to ‘Ewa with her husband after he lost control of O‘ahu in battle against Maui’s ruler Kahekili.
Kekūhaupi‘o (“The standing [of the] arched hau tree”)—Son of Kohapiolani; teacher, mentor, foster father, and most trusted general of King Kamehameha I; born in Ke‘ei close to Nāpo‘opo‘o on Hawai‘i Island; trained first by his father, then by La‘amea, then at 15 went to Kapalilua to study with famous lua instructor Koaia (for one year); Kamehameha was his hānai ali‘i (adopted chief).
Keku‘iapoiwanui [Keku‘iapoiwa (I)]—High chiefess; mother of Kamehamehanui, Kalola, and Kahekilinui‘ahumanu [Kahekili] with Kekaulikenuiahumanu [Kekaulike]; grandmother of Keku‘iapoiwa Liliha (daughter of Kalola and Keōuakupuapāikalaninui [Keōuanui]); great grandmother of Keōpūolanikauhiakama [Keōpūolani] (daughter of Kīwala‘ō [Kīwala‘ō Kauikeaouli (Kauikeouli)] and Keku‘iapoiwa Liliha); great great grandmother of King Kamehameha II (Kalaninui ‘Iolani Liholiho), King Kamehameha III (Kauikeaouli), and Nāhi‘ena‘ena [Nāahi‘ena‘ena; Nahienaena] (children of King Kamehameha I and Keōpūolanikauhiakama [Keōpūolani]).
Keku‘iapoiwa (II)—Mother of Pai‘ea Kamehameha (King Kamehameha I) and Keli‘imaika‘i with Keōuakupuapāikalaninui [Keōuanui][xlv]; grandmother of King Kamehameha II (Kalaninui Lihliho), King Kamehameha III (Kauikeaouli), and Nāhi‘ena‘ena [Nāahi‘ena‘ena; Nahienaena] (children of King Kamehameha I and Keōpūolanikauhiakama [Keōpūolani]); grandmother of Ka‘o‘ana‘eha (daughter of Keli‘imaika‘i and Kaliko‘okalani); great grandmother of Fanny Kekelaokalani Young, Grace Kama‘iku‘i, and John Young II (children of John Young (‘Olohana) and Ka‘o‘ana‘eha); great great grandmother of Queen Emma [Kalanikaumakeamano] (daughter of George Na‘ea and Fanny Kekelaokalani Young); great great great grandmother of Prince Albert Edward Kauikeaouli (son of King Kamehameha IV (Alexander Liholiho ‘Iolani) and Queen Emma); grandmother of Kekuaokalani (son of Keli‘imaika‘i and Ki‘ilaweau).
Keku‘iapoiwa Liliha—High-ranking daughter of Kalola; mother of Queen Keōpūolanikauhiakama [Keōpūolani] with Kīwala‘ō [Kīwala‘ō Kauikeaouli (Kauikeouli)]; grandmother of King Kamehameha II (Kalaninui ‘Iolani Liholiho), King Kamehameha III (Kauikeaouli), and Nāhi‘ena‘ena [Nāahi‘ena‘ena; Nahienaena] (children of King Kamehameha I and Keōpūolanikauhiakama [Keōpūolani]).
Kekumano—Son of Naīhekukui [Kekui].
Kekupuohi—Daughter of Moana and Kulaohe [Kukalohe]; wife of Kalani‘ōpu‘u.
Keli‘imaika‘i [Kalanimālokulokuikepo‘okalani]—Younger brother of King Kamehameha I; Kona chief; father of Ka‘o‘ana‘eha with Kaliko‘okalani; grandfather of Fanny Kekelaokalani Young, Grace Kama‘iku‘i, and John Young II (children of John Young (‘Olohana) and Ka‘o‘ana‘eha); great grandfather of Queen Emma [Kalanikaumakeamano] (daughter of Fanny Kekelaokalani Young and George Na‘ea; great great grandmother of Prince Albert Edward Kauikeaouli (son of King Kamehameha IV (Alexander Liholiho ‘Iolani) and Queen Emma); father of Kekuaokalani with Ki‘ilaweau.
Keohohiwa—Mother of ‘Aikanaka with Kama‘e; grandmother of Keohokālole (daughter of ‘Aikanaka and Kama‘e); great grandmother of Miriam Likelike, Queen Lili‘uokalani, William Pitt Leleiōhoku (II), and King Kalākaua (children of Caesar Kapa‘akea and Keohokālole); great great grandmother of Princess Victoria Ka‘iulani (daughter of Miriam Likelike and Archibald Scott Cleghorn).
Keohokālole—Daughter of ‘Aikanaka and Kama‘e; granddaughter of Kepo‘okalani and Keohohiwa (parents of ‘Aikanaka); great granddaughter of Kame‘eiamoku and Kamakaeheikuli (parents of Kepo‘okalani); wife of Caesar Kapa‘akea; mother of King Kalākaua, Queen Lili‘uokalani, Miriam Likelike, and William Pitt Leleiōhoku (II); grandmother of Princess Victoria Ka‘iulani (daughter of Archibald Scott Cleghorn and Miriam Likelike).
Keohuhu—Chief of Waimea; sheltered and fed Kamehameha on his journey back to Kohala after the pronouncement by Kalani‘ōpu‘u that Kamehameha would be the guardian of the war god Kūkā‘ilimoku; joined funeral procession of canoes on the sea journey to take the bones of Kalani‘ōpu‘u from Waio‘ahukini to Haleokeawe at Hōnaunau.
*Keōpūolani [Kauika‘alaneo; Keōpūolanikauhiakama] (1778—1823)—Sacred wife of King Kamehameha I; mother of King Kamehameha II (Kalaninui ‘Iolani Liholiho), King Kamehameha III (Kauikeaouli), and Princess Nāhi‘ena‘ena [Nāahi‘ena‘ena; Nahienaena] with Kamehameha; Keōpūolani’s name means “The gathering of the clouds of heaven,” [xlvi] and she is a descendent of four high-chiefly lines; daughter of Kīwala‘ō [Kīwala‘ō Kauikeaouli (Kauikeouli)] (father) and Keku‘iapoiwa Liliha (mother); granddaughter of Kalani‘ōpu‘u and Kalola (parents of Kīwala‘ō [Kīwala‘ō Kauikeaouli (Kauikeouli)]); great granddaughter of Kekaulikenuiahumanu [Kekaulike] and Keku‘iapoiwanui [Keku‘iapoiwa (I)] (parents of Kalola); granddaughter of Keōuakupuapāikalaninui [Keōuanui] and Kalola (parents of Keku‘iapoiwa Liliha). As the granddaughter of Kalola, Keōpūolani was raised under many kapu (prohibitions) as a sacred person; in 1795, at the age of 17, Keōpūolani became the sacred wife of King Kamehameha I; Kalola had promised Keōpūolani to Kamehameha in marriage when Keōpūolani was about 11 years old; an hour before her death, queen mother Keōpūolani became the first native Hawaiian to receive the Protestant rite of baptism.
Keōua—See Keōuakupuapāikalaninui [Keōuanui].
Keōua—See Keōuakū‘ahu‘ula.
Keōuakū‘ahu‘ula [Keōua] (1748—1794)—Son of Kalani‘ōpu‘u and Kānekapolei; grandson of Kalaninui‘īamamao and Kamaka‘īmoku (parents of Kalani‘ōpu‘u); great grandson of Lonoma‘aikanaka and Keaweikekahiali‘iokamoku [Keawe] (parents of Kalaninui‘iamamao); twin brother of Keōuape‘e‘ale; chief of Puna and Ka‘ū districts; known for his handsome features and very long hair (to his knees); half brother of Kahekilinui‘ahumanu [Kahekili]; husband of Kaiolani; father of Wailuanuihoano with Kaiolani; joined funeral procession of canoes on the sea journey to take the bones of Kalani‘ōpu‘u from Waio‘ahukini to Haleokeawe at Hōnaunau; defeated by Kamehameha I in Battle of Moku‘ōhai; killed at dedication of Pu‘ukoholā Heiau at Kawaihae.
Keōuakupuapāikalani—See Keōuakupuapāikalaninui [Keōuanui].
Keōuakupuapāikalaninui [Keōuanui]; [Keōuakupuapāikalaninui]; [Keōuakupuapāikalaninui]; [Kalanikupuapaikalaninui Keōua]—Father of Pai‘ea Kamehameha (King Kamehameha I)[xlvii] and Keli‘imaika‘i with Keku‘iapoiwa (II); grandfather of King Kamehameha II (Kalaninui Lihliho), King Kamehameha III (Kauikeaouli), and Nāhi‘ena‘ena [Nāahi‘ena‘ena; Nahienaena] (children of King Kamehameha I and Keōpūolanikauhiakama [Keōpūolani]); grandfather of Ka‘o‘ana‘eha (daughter of Keli‘imaika‘i and Kaliko‘okalani); great grandfather of Fanny Kekelaokalani Young, Grace Kama‘iku‘i, and John Young II (children of John Young (‘Olohana) and Ka‘o‘ana‘eha); great great grandfather of Queen Emma [Kalanikaumakeamano] (daughter of George Na‘ea and Fanny Kekelaokalani Young); great great great grandfather of Prince Albert Edward Kauikeaouli (son of King Kamehameha IV (Alexander Liholiho ‘Iolani) and Queen Emma); grandfather of Kekuaokalani (son of Keli‘imaika‘i and Ki‘ilaweau); father of Kala‘imāmahu with Kamakaeheikuli; grandfather of Kekāuluohi (Miriam ‘Auhea) (daughter of Kala‘imāmahu and Kalākua); great grandfather of King Lunalilo (son of Charles Kana‘ina and Kekāuluohi (Miriam ‘Auhea)). Son of Kamaka‘īmoku and Ke‘eaumokunui; grandson of Keaweikekahiali‘iokamoku [Keawe] and Kalanikauleleiaiwinui (parents of Ke‘eaumokunui); poisoned by Alapa‘inui.
Keōuanui—See Keōuakupuapāikalaninui [Keōuanui].
Keōuap‘e‘ale—Chief of Hawai‘i Nei; son of Kānekapolei and Kalani‘ōpu‘u; grandson of Kalaninui‘īamamao and Kamaka‘īmoku (parents of Kalani‘ōpu‘u); great grandson of Lonoma‘aikanaka and Keaweikekahiali‘iokamoku [Keawe] (parents of Kalaninui‘iamamao).
Keōuawahine—Wife of Pauli Ka‘ōleiokū (son of King Kamehameha I and Kānekapolei); mother of Kalani Pauahi (namesake of Bernice Pauahi Pākī Bishop); grandmother of Princess Ruth Ke‘elikōlani (daughter of Mataio Kekūanaō‘a and Kalani Pauahi); great grandmother of William Pitt Kīna‘u (son of William Pitt Leleiōhoku (I) and Princess Ruth Ke‘elikōlani).
Kepelino, Zephyrin (c.1830—1876)—Descendant of the famous Tahitian priest Pā‘ao;[xlviii] wrote at least six Hawaiian-language books in the mid-1800s, including a text later translated by Martha W. Beckwith (1871—1959) and entitled Kepelino’s Traditions of Hawaii, published by Bernice Pauahi Bishop Museum in 1932.
Kepo‘okalani—Father of Kamanawa II with Alapa‘iwahine; grandfather of Caesar Kapa‘akea (son of Kamanawa II and Kamokuiki); great grandfather of Miriam Likelike, Queen Lili‘uokalani, William Pitt Leleiōhoku (II), and King Kalākaua (children of Caesar Kapa‘akea and Keohokālole); great great grandfather of Princess Victoria Ka‘iulani (daughter of Archibald Scott Cleghorn and Miriam Likelike); father of ‘Aikanaka with Keohohiwa; grandfather of Keohokālole (daughter of ‘Aikanaka and Kama‘e); great grandfather of Miriam Likelike, Queen Lili‘uokalani, William Pitt Leleiōhoku (II), and King Kalākaua (children of Caesar Kapa‘akea and Keohokālole); great great grandfather of Princess Victoria Ka‘iulani (daughter of Miriam Likelike and Archibald Scott Cleghorn).
Kiha-a-Pi‘ilani—Maui chief in ancient times; built shell pathway near northern Moloka‘i coastal location now called Kealapūpū-a-Kiha (“The shell pathway of Kiha”[xlix]). Kiha-a-Pi‘ilani means “Child of Pi‘ilani.”[l]
Ki‘ilaweau—Mother of Kekuaokalani with Keli‘imaika‘i.
Kīkane—Relayed message from Kahekilinui‘ahumanu [Kahekili] to Kamehameha.
Kiliwehi—Mother of William Pitt Leleiōhoku (I) with Kalanimoku [Kālaimoku; William (Billy) Pitt].
*Kīna‘u (1805—1839)—Daughter of King Kamehameha I and Kalākua. On her mother’s side, Kīna‘u was granddaughter of Ke‘eaumoku Pāpa‘iaheahe and Nāmāhānaikaleleonalani [Nāmāhana], and great granddaughter of Kekaulikenuiahumanu [Kekaulike] and Ha‘alo‘u (parents of Nāmāhānaikaleleonalani [Nāmāhana]). On her father’s side, Kīna‘u was granddaughter of Keōuakupuapāikalaninui [Keōuanui] and Keku‘iapoiwa (II) (father of King Kamehameha I). Kīna‘u was the wife of Mataio Kekūanaō‘a; and mother of King Kamehameha IV (Alexander Liholiho ‘Iolani), King Kamehameha V (Lot Kapuāiwa Kamehameha), Princess Victoria Kamāmalu, and Moses Kekūāiwa. Kīna‘u became kuhina nui (premier, sharing power with the King Kamehameha III) in 1832, succeeding Ka‘ahumanu; continued Ka‘ahumanu’s policy of supporting missionary teachings and associated laws (which was not supported by King Kamehameha III (Kauikeaouli), who was prevented from recovering certain properties due to the laws; reconciled with King Kamehameha III in 1835 when the king proclaimed a code of laws in line with Kīna‘u’s beliefs.
Kīna‘u, William Pitt (1842—1859)—Son of William Pitt Leleiōhoku and Princess Ruth Ke‘elikōlani. On his father’s side, William Pitt Kīna‘u was the grandson of Kalanimoku [Kālaimoku; William (Billy) Pitt] and Kiliwehi, and the great grandson of Kekuamanohā and Kamakahukilani (parents of Kalanimoku), and the great great grandson of Kekaulikenuiahumanu [Kekaulike] and Ha‘alo‘u (parents of Kekuamanohā). On his mother’s side, William Pitt Kīna‘u was the grandson of Mataio Kekūanaō‘a and Kalani Pauahi, and the great grandson of Pauli Ka‘ōleiokū and Keōuawahine (parents of Kalani Pauahi), and the great great grandson of King Kamehameha I and Kānekapolei (parents of Pauli Ka‘ōleiokū), and the great great great grandson of Keōuakupuapāikalaninui [Keōuanui] and Keku‘iapoiwa (II) (parents of King Kamehameha I).
Kinohi—One of four renown Tahitian healers that visited the Hawaiian Islands, who before leaving was said to have transferred his own powers into Nā Pōhaku Ola Kapaemāhu Ā Kapuni, the Stones of Life, which may still be seen in Waikīkī on the eastern side of the Waikīkī Beach Center. These four large boulders are sometimes referred to as the Wizard Stones of Kapaemāhu. The four Tahitian healers once resided at Ulukou (“Kou-tree grove”) in Waikīkī, where the Moana Hotel is today. The Tahitian healers are said to have come from Moa‘ulanuiakea on the island of Raiatea, sometime before the 1500s, around the same time that the reign of the beloved O‘ahu chief Kākuhihewa began. The fame of the powerful Tahitian healers grew as they traveled through Hawai‘i administering cures. When it came time for the men to return to their homeland, four huge stones were quarried from the Kaimukī area of Honolulu. The stones were placed on a paepae (stone platform) and an ahu (altar) in 1997. The largest of the stones weighs about 7.5 tons. Also now on display is a small stone from the healers’ homeland. This stone was presented to the Hawaiians by Tahitians from Raiatea for the 1997 ceremonies. They named this stone Ta‘ahu, which means “The Life.”
Kinoiki—Daughter of Kaumuali‘i and Kapuaamohu; granddaughter of Kā‘eokūlani [Kā‘eo] and Kamakahelei (parents of Kaumuali‘i); great granddaughter of Kekaulikenuiahumanu [Kekaulike] and Holau (parents of Kā‘eokūlani [Kā‘eo]).
Kipikane—Wife of John Palmer Parker. Took the Christian name Rachel; gave birth to two sons and a daughter.
Kīwala‘ō [Kīwala‘ō Kauikeaouli (Kauikeouli)]—Son of Kalola and Kalani‘ōpu‘u; heir of Kalani‘ōpu‘u; cousin of King Kamehameha I; older half-brother of Keōuakū‘ahu‘ula; became ruler of Hawai‘i Island when Kalani‘ōpu‘u died, causing Kamehameha to unite with Kona chiefs; defeated by Kamehameha at Battle of Moku‘ōhai; father of Keōpūolanikauhiakama [Keōpūolani] with Keku‘iapoiwa Liliha; grandfather of King Kamehameha II (Kalaninui ‘Iolani Liholiho), King Kamehameha III (Kauikeaouli), and Nāhi‘ena‘ena [Nāahi‘ena‘ena; Nahienaena] (children of Kamehameha I and Keōpūolanikauhiakama [Keōpūolani]); wohi ali‘i (exempt from prostration kapu); grandson of Kalaninui‘īamamao and Kamaka‘īmoku (parents of Kalani‘ōpu‘u); great grandson of Lonoma‘aikanaka and Keaweikekahiali‘iokamoku [Keawe] (parents of Kalaninui‘iamamao). Kame‘eiamoku and Kamanawa (the sacred royal twins of Kekaulikenuiahumanu [Kekaulike]) were makua kāne māhoe (twin uncles) of Kīwala‘ō.
Koaia—Famous lua teacher of Kapalilua; Kekūhaupi‘o’s second teacher (for one year, when Kekūhaupi‘o was 15 and Koaia was old); cousin of La‘amea.
Koalaukani—Son of Kahekilinui‘ahumanu [Kahekili] and Kauwahine; brother of Kalanikūpule; hero at battle at Paukukalo, Maui; fought in and escaped from 1795 battle against Kamehameha I at Nu‘uanu Pali.
Kohāikalani—Chief who erected Kohāikalani heiau at Makanau. Kohāikalani means “Resounding in the sky.”[li]
Kohapiolani—Warrior chief; father of Kekūhaupi‘o.
Koihala—Chief of Kapu‘a (“The whistle”) who was known to be oppressive; after ordering his subjects to bring food from Ka‘ū, he was stoned to death.[lii]
Konia [Laura Konia] (1808—1857)—Granddaughter of King Kamehameha I and Kānekapolei; daughter of Luahine and Pauli Ka‘ōleiokū (son of King Kamehameha I); wife of Abner Pākī; mother of Princess Bernice Pauahi Pākī Bishop; served in Legislature from 1840 to 1847.
Kuakāhela—Kahuna of Ka‘ū chief Keōuakuahu‘ula; recited chant that announced the death of Keōuakuahu‘ula at the hands of Ke‘eaumoku Pāpa‘iaheahe.
Kuakea—Maui chief; Kuakea means “Faded, light-colored.”[liii]
Kuakini [John Adams] (1790—1844)—Son of Ke‘eaumoku Pāpa‘iaheahe and Nāmāhānaikaleleonalani [Nāmāhana]; grandson of Kekaulikenuiahumanu [Kekaulike] and Ha‘alo‘u (parents of Nāmāhānaikaleleonalani [Nāmāhana]); brother of Kalākua, Ke‘eaumoku (II) [Governor Cox], and Queen Ka‘ahumanu; father of Ka‘ua‘umokuokamānele [Kamānele]; governor of Hawai‘i Island.
Kuamo‘o, Melie (Kaonaeha)—Grandmother of Queen Emma [Kalanikaumakeamano].
Kūa-Pāka‘a—(Son/daughter) of Pākaka and ‘Īloli.
Kūhiō—Father of Queen Kapi‘olani, Virginia Kapo‘oloku Po‘omaikelani, and Esther Kinoiki Kekaulike with Kinoiki; grandfather of Edward Keali‘ihonui, David Kawānanakoa, and Jonah Kūhiō Kalaniana‘ole Pi‘ikoi (children of David Kahalepouli Pi‘ikoi and Esther Kinoiki Kekaulike).
Kūhiō (Prince Jonah Kūhiō Kalaniana‘ole Pi‘ikoi)—Brother of Prince Edward Keali‘ihonui and Prince David Kawānanakoa; son of David Kahalepouli Pi‘ikoi and Princess Esther Kinoiki Kekaulike; grandson of Kūhiō and Kinoiki (parents of Princess Esther Kinoiki Kekaulike); great grandson of Kapuaamohu and Kaumuali‘i (parents of Kinoiki); great great grandson of Kā‘eokūlani [Kā‘eo] and Kamakahelei (parents of Kaumuali‘i); great great great grandson of Kekaulikenuiahumanu [Kekaulike] and Holau (parents of Kā‘eokūlani [Kā‘eo]); nephew and adopted son of Queen Kapi‘olani (sister of Princess Esther Kinoiki Kekaulike). Prince Kūhiō was born in the Kōloa region of Kaua‘i’s southern coast near Hō‘ai Bay in a grass house at an ancient fishing village called Kukui‘ula (“Red light”[liv]); nephew and adopted son of Queen Kapi‘olani (sister of Princess Esther Kinoiki Kekaulike); Prince Kūhiō was the youngest of three boys, all considered ali‘i (royalty) due to their royal descent from Kaua‘i’s paramount ruler (king) Kaumuali‘i. One brother, Edward Keali‘ihonui, died in his teens. Jonah Kūhiō and his other brother, David Kawānanakoa, were adopted into the childless royal family of King Kalākaua and Queen Kapi‘olani after the boys’ father, David Kahalepouli Pi‘ikoi, died when Kūhiō was ten; Kalaniana‘ole, means “The royal chief without measure,”[lv] referring to the prince’s noble heredity, which includes the royal lineage of Kūhiō’s mother, Esther Kinoiki Kekaulike, who was appointed governor of Hawai‘i Island by King Kalākaua; when Kūhiō was 13 years old, King Kalākaua declared Jonah and his brother David princes by royal decree with the intent that they would carry on the Kalākaua dynasty; King Kalākaua and Queen Kapi‘olani held an official coronation on February 12, 1883 at ‘Iolani Palace, and the jeweled royal crowns were carried by Prince Kūhiō and his brother David Kawānanakoa; due to his cherubic and handsome looks, Prince Kūhiō was sometimes referred to as Prince Cupid, a name given to him in his youth by his French teacher; Prince Kūhiō attended the Royal School and Punahou School on O‘ahu, and then attended St. Matthew’s College in California before enrolling in the Royal Agricultural College in Cirencester, England. He then graduated from an English business school; Prince Kūhiō was a master of the traditional Hawaiian art of lua (ancient Hawaiian form of martial arts). He also competed on school teams in the sports of football and track; in 1884, Kūhiō was appointed to the Cabinet of the Hawaiian Kingdom by Kalākau to administer the Department of the Interior; with the support of King Kalākaua, Prince Kūhiō studied Japanese culture and government for one year in Japan. The king hoped the Prince would find a royal Japanese bride and form a marital alliance between the Hawaiian Islands and Japan; Prince Kūhiō was named as presumptive heir to the throne by Queen Lili‘uokalani after she ascended to the throne in 1891, making Kūhiō the last royally-designated heir; after he returned to the Hawaiian Islands just before the Hawaiian monarchy was overthrown in 1893, Prince Kūhiō worked to restore Queen Lili‘uokalani to the throne; in 1895 at the age of 24, Prince Kūhiō participated in a royalist uprising (a counter-revolution) against the Republic of Hawai‘i, and was arrested by the Provisional Government, charged with treason, and imprisoned for one year; after his release from prison, Prince Kūhiō married Elizabeth Kahanu Ka‘auwai, a full-blooded Hawaiian chiefess who was the daughter of a Maui chief, and they took a trip to Africa; disheartened by the events in the Hawaiian Islands, Prince Kūhiō joined the British Army in South Africa in the Boer War; Prince Kūhiō was next in line to ascend to the throne after Princess Ka‘iulani passed away in 1899, but the restoration of the monarchy became more unlikely with each passing year; Prince Kūhiō and his wife returned to the Hawaiian Islands in 1901. He helped organize the Republican Party in 1902 and that same year he was elected as the Territory of Hawai‘i’s second, non-voting delegate to the United States Congress (after Robert Wilcox), serving in the position for a total of 20 years (ten, two-year terms) until he died in 1922; Prince Kūhiō helped to found the Order of Kamehameha in 1903 and the Hawaiian Civic Club of Honolulu in 1918. The Civic Club’s tradition of community involvement continues today; due to his political efforts to help Hawaiians and promote self-sufficiency among the native population, Prince Kūhiō was known as Ke Ali‘i Maka‘āinana, which means “Chief of the Commoners,” “Citizen Prince,” or “Prince of the People” ; throughout his life, Prince Kūhiō worked to preserve the traditions and culture of native Hawaiians. One of Prince Kūhiō’s legacies was his inspired involvement in the passing of the Hawaiian Homestead Commission Act, which was enacted on July 9, 1921 to provide low-cost homestead and farming land to Hawaiians with at least 50% native Hawaiian ancestry based on blood quantum; a total of 203,500 acres (82,354 ha) was designated as “available lands” for the program, but the sugar companies had lobbied to exclude all areas that were not used for sugar, which included most of the best agricultural land in the Hawaiian Islands. No money was available to develop the second-tier parcels and thus most of the lands were not used; during the first 70 years after the passage of Hawaiian Homestead Commission Act of 1920, just 3,000 families received lands and many people who were on the original list of applications passed away before receiving land; of his political efforts, Prince Kūhiō stated, “The legislation proposed seeks to place the Hawaiian back on the soil, so that the valuable and sturdy traits of that race, peculiarly adapted to the islands, shall be preserved to posterity”[lvi]; Prince Kūhiō’s home was called Pualeilani, which means “Flower from the wreath of heaven.” The home was located across Kalākaua Avenue from Kūhiō Beach Park; Prince Kūhiō passed away due to heart disease on January 7, 1922 at the age of 50. He was given the last state funeral held for a Hawaiian ali‘i (royalty), and was laid to rest at the Royal Mausoleum in O‘ahu’s Nu‘uanu Valley; Prince Kūhiō Park is located near the Prince Kūhiō’s birthplace on Kaua‘i’s southern shore west of Kōloa. The park features a pond and terraced stone walls, Hō‘ai Heiau, and a statue of the prince that was unveiled on June 17, 1928 with about 10,000 people in attendance; Prince Kūhiō’s life is celebrated with an annual state holiday each year on Prince Kūhiō Day, the prince’s birthday, March 26. Prince Kūhiō Day is traditionally a day of canoe races and other local events, including a ceremony at Prince Kūhiō Park on Kaua‘i; Kūhiō Beach Park in Waikīkī is named after Prince Jonah Kūhiō Kalaniana‘ole Pi‘ikoi, whose home fronting the beach was torn down in 1936.
Kuho‘oheiheipahu—Parent of Abner Pākī (1808—1855).
Kuikuipua—Grandson of Kalakauehu, great grandson of Kamalālāwalu (paramount chief of Maui).
Kūkā‘ilimoku—War god; bequeathed by Kalani‘ōpu‘u to King Kamehameha I.
Kukalohe [Kulaohe]—Husband of Moana; father of Kekupuohi with Moana; uncle of Kekūhaupi‘o; from La‘aloa in North Kohala; instructed in warrior skills by Kaukoko and Kekūhaupi‘o; mamakakaua ali‘i koa (general) of Kamehameha’s Ihe Mākine army; foster father of King Kamehameha I.
Kulaohe—See Kukalohe.
Kūma‘aikū—Maui chiefess; wife of Keawepoepoe; mother of Alapa‘imaloiki, Kaulunae, and Ke‘eaumoku Pāpa‘iaheahe with Keawepoepoe.
Kūnuiākea, Albert K.—Great grandson of Muolehua.
Kuwahine—Daughter of Kaikio‘ewa and Kalanikaulihiwakama.
La‘amai-Kahiki—Father of Ahukini; from Tahiti.
La‘amea—First instructor of the renowned warrior Kekūhaupi‘o, the war instructor and most trusted general of Pai‘ea Kamehameha (the future King Kamehameha I); famous for teaching body-strengthening in preparation for battles; born in Ke‘ei close to Nāpo‘opo‘o.
La‘anui—Son of Nuhi; father of chiefess Keka‘anī‘au; with group of Kīwala‘ō [Kīwala‘ō Kauikeaouli (Kauikeouli)]’s warriors that attacked Ke‘eaumoku Pāpa‘iaheahe at Battle of Moku‘ōhai.
Leleiōhoku (I), William Pitt (1826—1848)—Son of Kalanimoku [Kālaimoku; William (Billy) Pitt] and Kilihewi; husband of Nāhi‘ena‘ena [Nāahi‘ena‘ena; Nahienaena]; governor of Hawai‘i Island, 1846; husband of Princess Ruth Ke‘elikōlani, and with her gave birth to William Pitt Kīna‘u (1842—1859).
Leleiōhoku (II), William Pitt [Prince Leleiōhoku] (1835—1877)—Son of Caesar Kapa‘akea and Keohokālole; brother of Miriam Likelike, Queen Lili‘uokalani, and King Kalākaua. On his mother’s side, William Pitt Leleiōhoku (II) was the grandson of ‘Aikanaka and Kama‘e, and great grandson of Kepo‘okalani and Keohohiwa (parents of ‘Aikanaka and Kama‘e), and great great grandson of Kamakaeheikuli and Kame‘eiamoku (parents of Kepo‘okalani). On his father’s side, William Pitt Leleiōhoku (II) was the grandson of Kamanawa II and Kamokuiki, and great grandson of Alapa‘iwahine and Kepo‘okalani (parents of Kamanawa II), and great great grandson of Kamakaeheikuli and Kame‘eiamoku (parents of Kepo‘okalani). William Pitt Leleiōhoku (II) was adopted by Princess Ruth Ke‘elikōlani at birth, and named after her first husband; heir to estate of Princess Ruth; musician and poet; founded a choral society in 1876; started the glee club called Kawaihau (“Ice water”: The glee club was named in honor of an American missionary woman who preferred to drink ice water, though other members of the club imbibed in libations.[lvii]); named by King Kalākaua as successor to the throne, but died of pneumonia on April 9, 1877, and Lili‘uokalani became the new heir apparent.
Liholiho—See Kamehameha II.
Liholiho, Alexander—See Kamehameha IV.
Likelike, Miriam Kapili (1851—1887)—Daughter of Caesar Kapa‘akea and Keohokālole; sister of King Kalākaua, Queen Lili‘uokalani, and William Pitt Leleōhoku (II); married Archibald Scott Cleghorn on September 22, 1870; mother of Princess Ka‘iulani. On her mother’s side, Miriam Kapili Likelike was the granddaughter of ‘Aikanaka and Kama‘e, and great granddaughter of Kepo‘okalani and Keohohiwa (parents of ‘Aikanaka), and great great granddaughter of Kamakaeheikuli and Kame‘eiamoku (parents of Kepo‘okalani). On her father’s side, Miriam Kapili Likelike was the granddaughter of Kamanawa II and Kamokuiki, and great granddaughter of Alapa‘iwahine and Kepo‘okalani (parents of Kamanawa II), and great great granddaughter of Kamakaeheikuli and Kame‘eiamoku (parents of Kepo‘okalani).
Likoa—High chiefess of Hāmakua; entertained the young warrior chief Kamehameha at Hakalau before a major battle there.
Liliha—Wife of Boki [Kamā‘ule‘ule].
*Lili‘uokalani(1838—1917)
Queen Lili‘uokalani [Born Lydia Kamaka‘eha] (September 2, 1838—November 11, 1917)—Full Name: Lydia Lili‘u Loloku Walania Wewehi Kamaka‘eha Pākī-Dominis Lili‘uokalani; reigned from January 29, 1891 to January 17, 1893; daughter of Keohokālole and Caesar Kapa‘akea; sister of King Kalākaua; Miriam Likelike, and William Pitt Leleiōhoku (II). On her mother’s side, Queen Lili‘uokalani was the granddaughter of ‘Aikanaka and Kama‘e, and great granddaughter of Kepo‘okalani and Keohohiwa (parents of ‘Aikanaka and Kama‘e), and great great granddaughter of Kamakaeheikuli and Kame‘eiamoku (parents of Kepo‘okalani). On her father’s side, Queen Lili‘uokalani was the granddaughter of Kamanawa II and Kamokuiki, and great granddaughter of Alapa‘iwahine and Kepo‘okalani (parents of Kamanawa II), and great great granddaughter of Kamakaeheikuli and Kame‘eiamoku (parents of Kepo‘okalani). Lili‘uokalani married John Owen Dominis on September 16, 1862.
Lydia Pākī (born Lydia Kamaka‘eha, and later to become Queen Lili‘uokalani); married John Owen Dominis in 1862; attended Chiefs’ Childrens’ School beginning at age four. From age ten she was taught by various private tutors, and became an accomplished musician on piano, guitar ‘ukulele, and other instruments. She sight read at an early age, was said to have perfect pitch, and was a prolific songwriter; on February 14, 1874, King Kalākaua declared that, when he was no longer king, his successor would be his younger brother Prince William Pitt Leleiōhoku (II). Two new princesses were also designated—Princess Kamaka‘eha Dominis (the future Queen Lili‘uokalani) and Princess Likelike; after Prince William Pitt Leleiōhoku (II) died of pneumonia on April 9, 1877, King Kalākaua declared Princess Kamaka‘eha Dominis heir apparent to the throne as Princess Lili‘uokalani on April 11, 1877; On January 14, 1888, the Hawaiian League attempted to get Princess Lili‘uokalani Kamaka‘eha Dominis, to take the throne from King Kalākaua. She refused out of loyalty to King Kalākaua; In 1890, King Kalākaua took a trip to the United States, appointing Princess Lili‘uokalani as sole regent in his absence; on January 20, 1891, King Kalākaua (1836-1891) died in San Francisco, California. His sister came to the throne as Queen Lili‘uokalani on January 29, 1891. The Cabinet Ministers waited for Queen Lili‘uokalani at ‘Iolani Palace to have her swear allegiance to the Bayonet Constitution (see Timeline: 1887), which had taken away much of King Kalākaua’s power; from 1891 to 1893, Queen Lili‘uokalani attempted to reassert royal power. She was opposed by resident pro-business, pro-annexation Americans, and this conflict led to a series of events in the middle of January 1893, during which time the Hawaiian monarchy was overthrown; in January of 1893, an insurrection against Queen Lili‘uokalani was led by a small group of United States sugar planters and businessmen backed by 162 U.S. marines from the U.S.S. Boston. They deposed the queen, abrogated the monarchy, and declared a Provisional Government (with the goal of annexation of the Hawaiian Islands by the United States). Hawai‘i’s previous 98 years of rule, under eight different monarchs, was effectively ended.
Following is more specific details about the events involving Queen Lili‘uokalani that led to the overthrow of the Hawaiian monarchy; on January 14, 1893, Queen Lili‘uokalani informed her Cabinet members that she planned to proclaim a new constitution at the request of a majority of the Hawaiian people. She instructed her Cabinet Ministers to go to ‘Iolani Palace to sign the new constitution (which they had helped prepare), after the prorogation (closing) of the Legislature at Ali‘iōlani Hale; when the Cabinet Ministers refused to sign the new constitution, Queen Lili‘uokalani decided to defer any action, and gave a speech from the lānai of ‘Iolani Palace, telling the many people outside (who were gathered there in anticipation of a new constitution being announced) to go home peacefully because she would not be able to declare a new constitution. A group of annexation supporters then held a meeting and formed the “Committee of Public Safety.” They declared Queen Lili‘uokalani’s actions treasonous, and made plans for a Provisional Government with the goal of eventually annexing the Hawaiian Islands to the United States; on January 15, 1893, in consultation with U.S. Minister to Hawai‘i John Leavitt Stevens, the Committee of Public Safety was assured that Stevens would land troops from the U.S.S. Boston if any danger was posed to American lives or property. The Committee of Public Safety called a meeting for the following day for all supporters of annexation. Supporters of Queen Lili‘uokalani also called for a meeting on the same day; on January 16, 1893, Queen Lili‘uokalani declared in an official proclamation that changes to the constitution would only be made with the consent of the Legislature. The two mass meetings were held, one by supporters of annexation and the other by supporters of Queen Lili‘uokalani. U.S. Minister to Hawai‘i, John Leavitt Stevens, ordered the troops from the U.S.S. Boston ashore in Honolulu, saying the action was necessary to protect American lives and property. Stevens claimed the Americans were in danger and had no protection. Troops from the U.S.S. Boston came ashore at 5 p.m. on January 16, 1893. Marching down King Street past Ali‘iōlani Hale and ‘Iolani Palace, the troops stationed themselves at Arion Hall, across from ‘Iolani Palace. Meanwhile, the Committee of Public Safety met to further their plans for a Provisional Government; on January 17, 1893, Queen Lili‘uokalani requested assistance from the U.S. Minister to Hawai‘i, John Leavitt Stevens, but Stevens refused. The Honolulu Rifles, an armed volunteer group, assembled in Ali‘iōlani Hale in opposition to the loyalist guard across the street at ‘Iolani Palace; at 2:30 p.m., January 17, on the rear veranda of Ali‘iōlani Hale, a Provisional Government was proclaimed, and was recognized by John L. Stevens as Hawai‘i’s lawful government. At 6 p.m. that same day, Queen Lili‘uokalani yielded not to the Provisional Government but to the United States government, “...until such time as the Government of the United States shall, upon facts being presented to it, undo the action of its representatives and reinstate me in the authority which I claim as the Constitutional Sovereign of the Hawaiian Islands.”[lviii]; Queen Lili‘uokalani later stated that she resigned her throne to avoid bloodshed, fearing the bombing of ‘Iolani Palace and loss of lives. The Committee of Public Safety met at 8 p.m., January 17, to finalize the Provisional Government’s officers and Cabinet. Sanford Ballard Dole was asked to be President of the Provisional Government. That evening, about 100 armed men gathered around Ali‘iōlani Hale in support of the annexationists. They posted guards around Ali‘iōlani Hale, the new headquarters of the Provisional Government, and held drills on King Street in front of ‘Iolani Palace. Martial Law was declared, and troops from the U.S.S. Boston remained nearby. At this point the Hawaiian monarchy was essentially overthrown; on October 18, 1893, the Blount Report (see 1893, March 9) was given to President Cleveland, and blamed the overthrow of the monarchy on United States Minister to Hawai‘i, John L. Stevens. The report suggested restoring the Hawaiian government. Cleveland denounced the overthrow as lawless, and achieved under “false pretexts.”; by November 4, 1893, orders were given by President Cleveland to restore the power of Queen Lili‘uokalani. President Cleveland also sent word that he regretted the “unauthorized intervention” that had taken away Queen Lili‘uokalani’s sovereignty. The Provisional Government refused to restore Queen Lili‘uokalani to the throne, saying that only armed conflict would force them to give up power. Though President Cleveland did not support annexation, he was reluctant to order the use of force against the group of Americans and their (mostly American) supporters; on January 6, 1895, a small group of royalists, mostly native Hawaiians in support Queen Lili‘uokalani, attempted a counterrevolution to overthrow the Republic and restore Queen Lili‘uokalani to the throne. The uprising apparently took place without the participation of Queen Lili‘uokalani, who denied any involvement; hundreds of men were arrested, including Robert W. Wilcox, who was condemned to death. Wilcox’s sentence was lessened, and within a few months he was pardoned; on January 7, 1895, Martial Law was declared and a military commission was appointed to court martial Queen Lili‘uokalani and others. On January 16, Queen Lili‘uokalani was imprisoned in ‘Iolani Palace. On January 24, 1895, Queen Lili‘uokalani signed a formal abdication, which called for the recognition of the Republic of Hawai‘i as the lawful government. Queen Lili‘uokalani later claimed that this abdication was invalid due to coercion, and had been agreed to only to spare the lives of her supporters; on February 1, 1893, the U.S. Minister to Hawai‘i, John Leavitt Stevens recognized the new Provisional Government and raised the United States flag over the Hawaiian Islands. Troops from the U.S.S. Boston took over as official guards of Ali‘iōlani Hale, the headquarters of the Provisional Government; on February 5, 1895, Queen Lili‘uokalani was arraigned before the military commission for treason, a charge that was later changed to misprision of treason, which involves knowing of treason (the attempted counterrevolution) but not disclosing it; on February 27, 1895, Queen Lili‘uokalani was found guilty of misprision of treason and sentenced to a fine of $5,000 and imprisonment with hard labor for five years. Though Queen Lili‘uokalani was not forced to do hard labor, she was imprisoned in ‘Iolani Palace for seven months. Queen Lili‘uokalani was released from confinement on September 6, 1895, and then confined to Washington Place until February 6, 1896, and then island-restricted until October 6, 1896. Her freedom was restricted for 21 months in all, from Jan. 16, 1895 until October 6 1896; one of the things Queen Lili‘uokalani wrote while imprisoned in ‘Iolani Palace was “The Queen’s Prayer” (see Biographical Sketch of Queen Lili‘uokalani, Chapter 11, Timeline: 1838, Sept. 2); in 1897, Queen Lili‘uokalani visited Washington D.C. and petitioned President McKinley to restore the rights of the Hawaiian people. At this time there were an estimated 9,500 voters of Hawaiian birth and nationality, with a total population in the Hawaiian Islands of more than 109,000 people. Queen Lili‘uokalani’s petition was not acted upon. The Provisional Government also sent a petition to Washington D.C., and that petition (unlike Queen Lili‘uokalani’s petition) was acted upon. At this time, the revolutionists of the missionary party consisted of about 637 voters; President McKinley sent the annexation treaty to the Senate on June 16, 1897. Queen Lili‘uokalani submitted a formal protest, but it was ineffective. The United States Senate later claimed that President McKinley’s act of sending the bill to the U.S. Senate amounted to a recognition of Hawai‘i’s Provisional Government. While acknowledging that the native monarchy was overthrown, they claimed that McKinley’s recognition of the Provisional Government meant the facts would not be reviewed further by the United States; in November of 1899, the deposed Queen Lili‘uokalani, Hawai‘i’s last monarch, left the Hawaiian Islands on a boat to San Francisco, and from there traveled to Washington D.C. Her goal was to appeal (again) for the rights of the Hawaiian people and for a settlement on crown lands; between 1900 and 1909, the deposed Queen Lili‘uokalani made five more trips to the United States to appeal for a settlement of the disputed crown lands and fair treatment for the Hawaiian people; Queen Lili‘uokalani established a Deed of Trust in 1909 directing that all of her assets be used “for the benefit of orphan and other destitute children in the Hawaiian Islands, the preference to be given to Hawaiian children of pure or part aboriginal blood.”; on November 11, 1917, Queen Lili‘uokalani suffered a stroke in Honolulu and passed away at the age of 79; the Queen Lili‘uokalani Trust, through the Queen Lili‘uokalani Children’s Center, continues to provide social services to orphans and other needy children and their families in the State of Hawai‘i. (For more information about Queen Lili‘uokalani, see Biographical Sketch of Queen Lili‘uokalani, Chapter 11, Timeline: 1838, Sept. 2; also see ‘Iolani Palace; Washington Place; and Statue of Queen Lili‘uokalani sections in Chapter 2; and Chapter 11, Timeline: 1845; 1847; 1851; 1862; 1872, June 11; 1874, Feb. 14; 1877, Apr. 11; 1879, Dec. 31; 1884; 1888, Jan. 14; 1889, July 30; 1890; 1891; 1893, Jan.; 1893, Jan. 14; 1893, Jan. 15; 1893, Jan. 16; 1893, Jan. 17; 1893, Oct. 18; 1895, Jan. 6; 1897; 1898, Aug. 2; 1899, Nov.; 1900-1909; 1917, Nov. 11; 1921; 1950, Nov. 27-Dec. 9; 1993, Jan. 13-18.)
Līloa—Father of ‘Umi-a-Līloa with ‘Akahi-a-Kuleana.
Lonoikamakahiki—Ruler of Hawai‘i Island (c.1700), though he is so young that ‘Umi-a-Līloa’s grandson Kanaloakua‘ana serves as regent; great grand-uncle of Keaweikekahiali‘iokamoku [Keawe]; killed Kanaloanuiokeakawaiea in battle; Lonoikamakahiki’s forces battle rebel chiefs on Kaua‘i, O‘ahu, and Moloka‘i.
Lonoma‘aikanaka— Senior wife of Keawei‘kekahiali‘iokamoku [Keawe]; daughter of Ahua-a-‘Ī; mother of Kalaninui‘īamamao with Keaweikekahiali‘iokamoku [Keawe]; grandmother of Keawemauhili (son of Kekaulikeikawēkiuokalani and Kalaninui‘īamamao); great grandmother of Keaweokahikona (son of Keawemauhili and Ululani); of the Ī line.

Lot Kapuāiwa Kamehameha—See Kamehameha V.

Luahine(?—1873)—Mother of Konia [Laura Konia] with Pauli Ka‘ōleiokū; grandmother of Princess Bernice Pauahi Pākī Bishop (daughter of Abner Pākī and Konia [Laura Konia]).
Luahiwa—Son of Pualinui; high chief of Lahaina, Maui.
*Lunalilo, William Charles
King Lunalilo [William Charles Lunalilo] (January 31, 1835—February 3, 1874)—Reigned from January 8, 1873 to February 3, 1874; son of Charles Kana‘ina and Kekāuluohi (Miriam ‘Auhea); grandson of Kala‘imāmahu and Kalākua (parents of Kekāuluohi (Miriam ‘Auhea)); great grandson of Keōuakupuapāikalaninui [Keōuanui] and Kamakaeheikuli (parents of Kala‘imāmahu); educated at Royal School (known as Chiefs’ Children’s School until 1846); engaged to Princess Victoria Kamāmalu (though apparently King Kamehameha IV (Alexander Liholiho ‘Iolani) opposed the union); elected king by a vote of the Legislature after King Kamehameha V (Lot Kapuāiwa Kamehameha) died without naming a successor; amended the Constitution of 1864, ending the property qualification for voting; when the Household Troops rebelled on September 7, 1873, King Lunalilo convinced them to lay down their arms, and subsequently the army was disbanded; known as the “citizen king, the “people’s king,” and “ke ali‘i lokomaika‘i” (“the kind-hearted chief”); suffered from tuberculosis, and was given to heavy drinking, resulting in poor health; chose not to be buried in the Royal Mausoleum (with other royalty); when he died only about one year after being elected king, he was buried just inside the main entrance to Kawaiaha‘o Church (where the grave still remains); created in his will the “Lunalilo Home” for sick and poor Hawaiians, particularly older Hawaiians.
Lupua—A chiefess. The resting place Ahu-a-Lupua (“Pile of Lupua”), located at Mahai‘ula and Ka‘elehuluhulu by the sea, was named after the chiefess Lupua.[lix]
Makali‘inuikuakawaiea—Chief who brought the royal birthstone known as Pōhaku Naha (Naha Stone) from near a heiau by the rivermouth of the Wailua River to Hilo where it was the symbol of the chiefly naha line. The birthstone came from Kaua‘i near a heiau by the mouth of the Wailua River. Makali‘inuikuakawaiea brought the royal birthstone to Hawai‘i Island sometime around the 12th century. High-ranking chiefesses who gave birth to a son placed the child upon the stone as a kahuna prayed to the gods. If the child did not begin to cry until after the completion of the kahuna’s prayer then this child would be brave, and of the naha royal line.
Māmala—Chiefess; known to love to surf, play the game kōnane, and drink ‘awa.[lx]
Manokalanipō—Chief in ancient times; Manokalanipō means “The innumerable dark heavens”; an epithet for the island of Kaua‘i is Kaua‘i o Manokalanipō (“Kaua‘i of Manokalanipō”[lxi]).
Manoua—Daughter of Kalani‘ōpu‘u and Muolehua; grandmother of Asa Kā‘eo; great grandmother of Peter Kā‘eo Kekuaokalani and Albert K. Kūnuiākea.
Moana—Wife of Kukalohe [Kulaohe]; mother of Kekupuohi with Kukalohe; kahuna chiefess; mother of Hākau with Heulu.
Moses Kekūāiwa—See Kekūāiwa, Moses.
Muolehua—Daughter of Ka‘aloa‘api‘ilani and Kāneikaheilani; wife of Kalani‘ōpu‘u; mother of Manoua with Kalani‘ōpu‘u.
Nā‘ahi‘ena‘ena—See Nāhi‘ena‘ena, Harriet Keōpūolani.
Na‘ea, Emma (Queen Emma)—[Kalanikaumakeamano (name given at birth)]; Kaleleonālani (name taken after her husband and son died; Kaleleonālani means “Flight of the chiefs.” (1836—1885)—Queen as wife of King Kamehameha IV (Alexander Liholiho ‘Iolani); mother of Prince Albert Edward Kauikeaouli (died at age 4); daughter of George Na‘ea and Fanny Kekelaokalani Young; granddaughter of John Young (‘Olohana) and Ka‘o‘ana‘eha (parents of Fanny Kekelaokalani Young); great granddaughter of Keli‘imaika‘i (brother of King Kamehameha I) and Kaliko‘okalani (parents of Ka‘o‘ana‘eha); great great granddaughter of Keōuakupuapāikalaninui [Keōuanui] and Keku‘iapoiwa (II) (parents of Keli‘imaika‘i); great granddaughter of Kaleipaihala (son of Kalani‘ōpu‘u and Kalaniwahineuli).
Na‘ea, George—Father of Queen Emma [Kalanikaumakeamano].
Nae‘ole—Kohala chief; māmakakaua (warrior) of Kalani‘ōpu‘u; said by some historians (e.g., Kamakau, Fornander) to be the person who took the newborn Pai‘ea Kamehameha (the future King Kamehameha I) to safety (other accounts say it was Nāihe) at ‘Āwini, Kohala; foster-father of Kamehameha I; joined funeral procession of canoes on the sea journey to take the bones of Kalani‘ōpu‘u from Waio‘ahukini to Haleokeawe at Hōnaunau. Nae‘ole means “Without gasping.”[lxii]
Nāhaku‘elupua[Nāhaku‘elua Pua]—Mother of Keali‘imahi‘ai; Nāhaku‘elupua means “The weaving [of] two flowers.”[lxiii]
*Nāhi‘ena‘ena, Harriet Keōpūolani [Nāhi‘ena‘enaikekapuewela‘aikapēkapuokeakua; Nā‘ahi‘ena‘ena; Nahienaena] (1815—1836)—Princess as daughter of King Kamehameha I and Queen Keōpūolani. On her mother’s side, Harriet Keōpūolani Nāhi‘ena‘ena was granddaughter of Kīwala‘ō [Kīwala‘ō Kauikeaouli (Kauikeouli)] and Keku‘iapoiwa Liliha, and great granddaughter of Kalani‘ōpu‘u and Kalola (parents of Kīwala‘ō [Kīwala‘ō Kauikeaouli (Kauikeouli)]), and Keōuakupuapāikalaninui [Keōuanui] and Kalola (parents of Keku‘iapoiwa Liliha), and great great granddaughter of Kekaulikenuiahumanu [Kekaulike] and Keku‘iapoiwanui [Keku‘iapoiwa (I)] (parents of Kalola). On her father’s side, Harriet Keōpūolani Nāhi‘ena‘ena was granddaughter of Keōuakupuapāikalaninui [Keōuanui] and Keku‘iapoiwa (II). Nāhi‘ena‘ena [Nāahi‘ena‘ena; Nahienaena] was sister of Kalaninui ‘Iolani Liholiho (King Kamehameha II) and Kauikeaouli (King Kamehameha III); married in 1835 to the high chief Leleiōhoku (their son died at birth); wavered between Protestant faith and traditional Hawaiian beliefs; excommunicated by Protestants in May of 1835; died at the age of 21. Nāahi‘ena‘ena means “The burning fires.”[lxiv]
Nāhiōle‘a—Cousin of Ka‘iana‘ahu‘ula [Ka‘iana]; killed early in the Battle of Nu‘uanu.
Nāhua—Chiefess; Owned land between Halekūlani and Royal Hawaiian Hotel. Nāhua means “The fruits.”[lxv]

Nāihe—Husband of Kapi‘olani (I) [Kapi‘olaninui]; North Kohala chief; secretly took newborn Pai‘ea Kamehameha (the future King Kamehameha I to safety (some accounts say it was Nae‘ole); announced, with Kalanimāloku, the arrival of the young warrior Pai‘ea Kamehameha (the future King Kamehameha I) during a visit to Ululani at Pi‘opi‘o in Hilo.

Nāmāhana [Nāmāhānaikaleleonalani]—Daughter of Kekaulikenuiahumanu [Kekaulike] and Ha‘alo‘u; sister of Kahekilinui‘ahumanu [Kahekili]; wife of Ke‘eaumoku Pāpa‘iaheahe; mother of Queen Ka‘ahumanu, Kalākua, Ke‘eaumoku (II) [Governor Cox], and Kuakini; grandmother of Kīna‘u and Queen Kamāmalu (children of King Kamehameha I and Kalākua); grandmother of Ka‘ua‘umokuokamānele [Kamānele] (daughter of Kuakini); great grandmother of Moses Kekūāiwa, Princess Victoria Kamāmalu, King Kamehameha IV (Alexander Liholiho ‘Iolani), and King Kamehameha V (Lot Kapuāiwa Kamehameha); great great grandmother of Albert Edward Kauikeaouli (son of King Kamehameha IV (Alexander Liholiho ‘Iolani) and Queen Emma [Kalanikaumakeamano]); also husband to Kamehamehanui.

Nāmakaehā—Cousin of Ka‘iana‘ahu‘ula [Ka‘iana]; defeated by Kamehameha I at Kaipalaoa.
Nāmakahelu—Famous chanter; grandson of Kahaukomo, died at age 83 in 1940.[lxvi]
Nāmākēhā, Bennett—First husband of Queen Kapi‘olani.
Nanuekaleiōpū—Hāmākua chief; māmakakaua (warrior) of Kalani‘ōpu‘u.
Naonaoaina—See Nāono‘āina.
Nāono‘āina[lxvii] [Naonaoaina]—Kahuna; cousin of Nu‘uanukapahu [Nu‘uanupā‘ahu]; failed to find water for Kalani‘ōpu‘u at Mōlīlele and Kā‘iliki‘i, and for this he was hung on the scaffolding that had been built to float on the sea near the cliff where they dug for water, a place that came to be known as the “Hanging Water (Liwai) of Kalani‘ōpu‘u.”[lxviii]
Nuhi—Waimea chief; father of La‘anui; grandfather of chiefess Keka‘anī‘au; initially a supporter of Kamehameha; later abandoned Kamehameha’s side in battle and fought on the side of Keawemauhili; with group of warriors of Kīwala‘ō [Kīwala‘ō Kauikeaouli (Kauikeouli)] that attacked Ke‘eaumoku Pāpa‘iaheahe in the Battle of Moku‘ōhai.
Nu‘uanu—Nā‘ālehu chief; ally of Kalani‘ōpu‘u against Alapa‘inui; māmakakaua (warrior) of Kalani‘ōpu‘u; in a battleclose to Pana‘ewa he escaped death along with Kalani‘ōpu‘u.
Nu‘uanukapahu [Nu‘uanupā‘ahu]—Kahuna; cousin of kahuna Nāono‘āina[lxix] [Naonaoaina]; from Nā‘ālehu; accompanied Kamehameha on visit to ship of Captain Cook; killed after rebelling against Kalani‘ōpu‘u because he was unhappy with his land allotment; captured and killed by Kalani‘ōpu‘u’s warriors and sacrificed at Mo‘okini heiau in North Kohala; or, according to Fornander and Kamakau,[lxx] Nu‘uanukapahu [Nu‘uanupā‘ahu] was killed while fighting off a shark at Pololū, North Kohala where he was surfing near Hala‘ula.
Nu‘uanupā‘ahu—See Nu‘uanukapahu.
Obookiah, Henry—See ‘Ōpūkaha‘ia, Henry.
Opai—A Kauaian who became the first native Hawaiian to visit the United States, traveling aboard the Columbia Rediviva under the command of Robert Gray in August of 1789. The Columbia Rediviva was an armed ship sailing out of Boston, and was the first American ship to visit the Hawaiian Islands, and later became the first American ship to circumnavigate the globe. Opai returned to the Islands on the vessel Hope, under the command of Joseph Ingraham in 1791.
‘Ōpūkaha‘ia, Henry [Obookiah, Henry] (1792—1818)—Parents and brother killed at Kaipalaoa on Hawai‘i Island in Nāmakaehā’s rebellion; raised in Nāpō‘opo‘ō on Kealakekua Bay, Hawai‘i Island, by his kahuna uncle; left the Hawaiian Islands for New England (Connecticut) in 1809 on the ship Triumph; influenced by students of Andover Seminary and Yale College, ‘Ōpūkaha‘ia became a Christian, taking the name Henry Obookiah; considered the first Hawaiian convert; began translating the Bible into Hawaiian and had plans to travel back to the Hawaiian Islands with the First Company of American missionaries, but died of typhus fever in Cornwall, Connecticut on February 17, 1818, at the age of 26; ‘Ōpūkaha‘ia’s death inspired the first American Christian mission to the Hawaiian Islands.

Pai‘ea Kamehameha—See Kamehameha I.

Pāka‘a—Skilled seer and navigator; lived in Kaumanamana (“Place branching out”[lxxi]), Moloka‘i.
Pākaka—Skilled [H word] (seer) and navigator; husband of ‘Īloli; father of Kūa-Pāka‘a with ‘Īloli; lived at Kaumanamana in southern Moloka‘i. Pākaka means “Place branching out.”[lxxii]
Pākī, Abner (1808—1855, July 13)—Great grandson of Kekaulikenuiahumanu [Kekaulike]; son of Kalanihelemai‘iluna (father) and Kuho‘oheiheipahu (mother); husband of Konia [Laura Konia]; father of Bernice Pauahi Pākī Bishop (Princess Pauahi); born at Kainalu in south Moloka‘i; captain of Honolulu fort in 1880; member of National Council; Supreme Court judge; member of House of Nobles; joined Christian church; acting Governor of O‘ahu; Privy Councillor and Chamberlain of King Kamehameha III; built large house in Honolulu for his daughter, Princess Pauahi.
Pauahi, Bernice—See Bishop, Bernice Pauahi.
Pauahi, Kalani—Daughter of Pauli Ka‘ōleiokū and Keōuawahine; granddaughter of King Kamehameha I and Kānekapolei (parents of Pauli Ka‘ōleiokū); great granddaughter of Keōuakupuapāikalaninui [Keōuanui] and Keku‘iapoiwa (II) (parents of King Kamehameha I); mother of Princess Ruth Ke‘elikōlani with Mataio Kekūanaō‘a; grandmother of William Pitt Kīna‘u (son of William Pitt Leleiōhoku (I) and Princess Ruth Ke‘elikōlani); namesake of Princess Bernice Pauahi Pākī Bishop.
Pauli Ka‘ōleiokū—See Ka‘ōleiokū, Pauli.
Paumakualani—High chief who brought to the Islands the famous kāhuna Kaleopu‘upu‘u and his brother Ka‘ōpulupulu, who were “...“from the kāhuna class of Ka‘eka‘e, Maliu, and Malela”; came from “...the lands of Kahiki Kū and Kahiki Moe [foreign lands].”[lxxiii]

Peleiōhōlani—Paramount ruler (king) of O‘ahu during time of war between Kalani‘ōpu‘u and Maui ruler Kahekilinui‘ahumanu [Kahekili]; sent the kahuna Kaleopu‘upu‘u to Maui from O‘ahu at the request of Kahekili, who was preparing for war.

Pi‘ikea—Daughter of Pi‘ilani; wife of ‘Umi-a-Līloa.
Pi‘ikoi, David Kahalepouli—Husband of Princess Esther Kinoiki Kekaulike (granddaughter of Kaumuali‘i); father of Edward Keali‘ihonui, David Kawānanakoa, and Jonah Kūhiō Kalaniana‘ole Pi‘ikoi.
Pi‘ikoi, Prince Jonah Kūhiō Kalaniana‘ole—See Kūhiō.
Pi‘ilani—Paramount chief of Maui in ancient times (c.1500); also ruled Kaho‘olawe, Lāna‘i, and Moloka‘i; father of Pi‘ikea.
Pine—Daughter[lxxiv] of Holo‘ae; prophetess; skilled female seer.
Poepoe, Joseph M.—Member of Legislature; lawyer; editor in the 1890s of Ka Nupepa Kū‘oko‘a, a Hawaiian Language newspaper.
Po‘omahoe—Subject of Kamehameha killed by Keōuaku‘ahu‘ula’s warriors near Ke‘ei and taken to Kīwala‘ō [Kīwala‘ō Kauikeaouli (Kauikeouli)] at Hōnaunau and offered at the heiau.
Po‘omahoe—Warrior of Kamehameha; owner of coconut grove at Keomo chopped down by Keōuakū‘ahu‘ula, who was angered about being denied land by Kīwala‘ō [Kīwala‘ō Kauikeaouli (Kauikeouli)]; killed at Ke‘ei by warriors of Keōuakū‘ahu‘ula; body taken to Kīwala‘ō at Hōnaunau; offered at heiau of Haleokeawe at Hōnaunau by Kīwala‘ō, thus signaling Kīwala‘ō’s alliance with Keōuakū‘ahu‘ula and resulting in their war against Kamehameha at the Battle of Moku‘ōhai; the offering of Po‘omahoe’s body at the heiau was considered moepu‘u, a victim slain to accompany a dead chief (Kalani‘ōpu‘u).
Po‘omaikelani, Virginia Kapo‘oloku—Sister of Esther Kinoiki Kekaulike and Queen Kapi‘olani; daughter of Kūhiō and Kinoiki; granddaughter of Kaumuali‘i (ruler of Kaua‘i) and Kapuaamohu (parents of Kinoiki); great granddaughter of Kā‘eokūlani [Kā‘eo] and Kamakahelei (parents of Kaumuali‘i); great great granddaughter of Kekaulikenuiahumanu [Kekaulike] and Holau (parents of Kā‘eokūlani [Kā‘eo]).
Pualinui—Daughter of Kalani‘ōpu‘u and Kamakolunuiokalani; mother of Luahiwa.
Puna—Kahu (attendant) of Kalani‘ōpu‘u.
Puniawa—Highly skilled warrior from Makahanaloa near Hakalau; māmakakaua ali‘i koa (general) of Kamehameha’s Huelokū army.
Pūpūkea—Famous warrior of legend; chief of Ka‘ū, noted as having fought with fencing staff.
Rooke, Emma Na‘ea (Queen Emma)—See Na‘ea, Emma.
Rooke, Grace Kama‘iku‘i Young—See Kama‘iku‘i, Grace.
Uhai—Orator and adviser of Keōuakū‘ahu‘ula.
Uianu—Ancient warrior, noted as having fought with fencing staffs.
Ululani[Ululani-a-Moku]—Wife of Keawemauhili; mother of Kapi‘olani (I) [Kapi‘olaninui] and Keaweokahikona; possessed the naha kapu; high-ranking Hilo Hanakahi chiefess; lived in house named Kahale‘iole‘ole (“House without rats”) at Kaipalaoa in Hilo; captured during Battle of Moku‘ōhaibut escaped to Hilo with Keawemauhili.
*Ulumāheihei [Hoapili] (1776—1840)—Son of Kame‘eiamoku (one of the sacred royal twins of Kekaulikenuiahumanu [Kekaulike]) and Keali‘iokahekili; close friend of King Kamehameha I (Hoapili means “Close personal friend”); entrusted with hiding the bones of King Kamehameha I after the king’s death; governor of Lāna‘i, Maui and Moloka‘i from 1836 to 1840; married Keōpūolanikauhiakama [Keōpūolani] (sacred wife of King Kamehameha I); later married Kalākua (daughter of Ke‘eaumoku Pāpa‘iaheahe and Nāmāhānaikaleleonalani [Nāmāhana]).
‘Umi—See ‘Umi-a-Līloa.
‘Umi-a-Līloa [‘Umi]—Hawai‘i Island chief; son of Līloa and ‘Akahi-a-Kuleana; born on Hawai‘i Island at Kealakaha (“The turning road”[lxxv]); later lived at Waipunalei (“Lei spring water”[lxxvi]) on Hawai‘i Island where he “lived incognito and in poverty.” [lxxvii]
‘Umi‘ulaika‘ahumanumanu—Mother of Heulu with Kapahiahuakane.
Wailuanuihoano—High-ranking daughter of Keōuakū‘ahu‘ula and Kaiolani.
Wao—Mother of Kamakolunuiokalani with Kalanikamahao; from Lahaina and renown Watercourse of Wao.
Young, Fanny Kekelaokalani—Wife of George Na‘ea; mother of Emma Na‘ea (Queen Emma [Kalanikaumakeamano]); grandmother of Prince Albert Edward Kauikeaouli (son of King Kamehameha IV (Alexander Liholiho ‘Iolani) and Queen Emma); daughter of John Young (‘Olohana) and Ka‘o‘ana‘eha; granddaughter of Keli‘imaika‘i (brother of King Kamehameha I) and Kaliko‘okalani (parents of Ka‘o‘ana‘eha); great granddaughter of Keōuakupuapāikalaninui [Keōuanui] and Keku‘iapoiwa (II) (parents of Keli‘imaika‘i).
Young, Grace Kama‘iku‘i [Grace Kama‘iku‘i Young Rooke]—See Kama‘iku‘i, Grace.


NON-HAWAIIANS GLOSSARY
Bishop, Charles Reed(1822—1915)—Husband of Princess Bernice Pauahi Pākī Bishop; born in Glen Falls, New York on January 25, 1822; at age 24, sailed around Cape Horn bound for Oregon, but when his ship stopped in the Hawaiian Islands to take on provisions, Bishop stayed, first posting books for the government and then in 1849 becoming Honolulu’s Collector General of Customs; opened a mercantile business with A.W. Aldrich, and in 1858 they formed the firm of Aldrich & Bishop, which later became the Bank of Bishop & Co. Ltd., now known as First Hawaiian Bank; served on the Board of Education under King Kamehameha V (Lot Kapuāiwa Kamehameha), King Lunalilo, and King Kalākaua; member of the Privy Council during reign of Queen Lili‘uokalani; traveled to England in 1876 with his wife Princess Bernice Pauahi Pākī Bishop, and the royal couple was presented at Queen Victoria’s Court, and later received by Pope Pius IX in Rome; known for his philanthropy, serving on the boards of various charities and contributing generously to many needy causes; after Bernice Pauahi Pākī Bishop passed away in 1884, Charles Reed Bishop carried out the wishes stated in his wife’s will, including the establishment of Kamehameha Schools, contributing much of his own money to help construct the first school buildings; to honor his wife, Charles Reed Bishop founded the Bernice Pauahi Bishop Museum in 1889; moved to San Francisco, California in 1894; passed away in 1915, and his ashes were interred next to his wife in the Kamehameha Tomb at the Royal Mausoleum at Nu‘uanu, O‘ahu; remembered for his many years of service to the Hawaiian Islands as a prominent public official, banker, financier, philanthropist, and husband of the beloved Princess Pauahi. Honolulu’s Bishop Street, named after Charles Reed Bishop, is the business and finance center of the State of Hawai‘i and the entire Pacific region.
Cleghorn, Archibald Scott—Father of Princess Victoria Ka‘iulani with Miriam Likelike (daughter of Caesar Kapa‘akea and Keohokālole).
Davis, Isaac Young (1824—1882)—Grandson of Isaac Davis (‘Aikake), who was attacked on the Fair American by Kame‘eiamoku in retaliation for the 1790 “Olowalu Massacre,” by Simon Metcalfe, and then became an advisor and war ally of King Kamehameha I. With Princess Ruth Ke‘elikōlani, Isaac Young Davis was the father of Kaeolaokalani, who died at the age of six months.
Dominis, John Owen—Husband of Queen Lili‘uokalani.
Rooke, Thomas Charles Byde—Husband of Grace Kama‘iku‘i Young Rooke.
Young, John—Father of Fanny Kekelaokalani Young, Grace Kama‘iku‘i (Young Rooke), and John Young II with Ka‘o‘ana‘eha; grandfather of Queen Emma [Kalanikaumakeamano] (daughter of Fanny Kekelaokalani Young and George Na‘ea); great grandfather of Prince Albert Edward Kauikeaouli (son of King Kamehameha IV (Alexander Liholiho ‘Iolani) and Queen Emma).

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[i] According to Desha, Reverend Ahia served in Micronesia for the Hawai‘i Board of Foreign Missions. [Frazier, Frances N. Kamehameha and his Warrior Kekūhaupi‘o. Honolulu: Kamehameha Schools Press, 2000.]
[ii] p. 99, Pukui, Mary Kawena, and Elbert, Samuel H. & Mookini, Esther T. Place Names of Hawaii: Revised & Expanded Edition. Honolulu: University of Hawaii Press, 1974.
[iii] p. 40, Pukui, Mary Kawena, and Elbert, Samuel H. & Mookini, Esther T. Place Names of Hawaii: Revised & Expanded Edition. Honolulu: University of Hawaii Press, 1974.
[iv] p. 52, Pukui, Mary Kawena, and Elbert, Samuel H. & Mookini, Esther T. Place Names of Hawaii: Revised & Expanded Edition. Honolulu: University of Hawaii Press, 1974.
[v] p. 59, Pukui, Mary Kawena, and Elbert, Samuel H. & Mookini, Esther T. Place Names of Hawaii: Revised & Expanded Edition. Honolulu: University of Hawaii Press, 1974.
[vi] p. 87, Pukui, Mary Kawena, and Elbert, Samuel H. & Mookini, Esther T. Place Names of Hawaii: Revised & Expanded Edition. Honolulu: University of Hawaii Press, 1974.
[vii] p. 35, Pukui, Mary Kawena, and Elbert, Samuel H. & Mookini, Esther T. Place Names of Hawaii: Revised & Expanded Edition. Honolulu: University of Hawaii Press, 1974.

[viii] The four Tahitian healers once resided at Ulukou (“Kou-tree grove”) in Waikīkī, where the Moana Hotel is today. The Tahitian healers are said to have come from Moa‘ulanuiakea on the island of Raiatea, sometime before the 1500s, around the same time that the reign of the beloved O‘ahu chief Kākuhihewa began. The fame of the powerful Tahitian healers grew as they traveled through Hawai‘i administering cures.
When it came time for the men to return to their homeland, four huge stones were quarried from the Kaimukī area of Honolulu. The stones were placed on a paepae (stone platform) and an ahu (altar) in 1997. The largest of the stones weighs about 7.5 tons. Also now on display is a small stone from the healers’ homeland. This stone was presented to the Hawaiians by Tahitians from Raiatea for the 1997 ceremonies. They named this stone Ta‘ahu, which means “The Life.”
[ix] p. 63, Pukui, Mary Kawena, and Elbert, Samuel H. & Mookini, Esther T. Place Names of Hawaii: Revised & Expanded Edition. Honolulu: University of Hawaii Press, 1974.
[x] p. 41, Desha, Stephen L., translated by Frazier, Frances N. Kamehameha and his Warrior Kekūhaupi‘o. Honolulu: Kamehameha Schools Press, 2000.
[xi] p. 65, Pukui, Mary Kawena, and Elbert, Samuel H. & Mookini, Esther T. Place Names of Hawaii: Revised & Expanded Edition. Honolulu: University of Hawaii Press, 1974.
[xii] p. 33, Desha, Stephen L., translated by Frazier, Frances N. Kamehameha and his Warrior Kekūhaupi‘o. Honolulu: Kamehameha Schools Press, 2000.
[xiii] p.54, Desha, Stephen L., translated by Frazier, Frances N. Kamehameha and his Warrior Kekūhaupi‘o. Honolulu: Kamehameha Schools Press, 2000.
[xiv] p. 33, Desha, Stephen L., translated by Frazier, Frances N. Kamehameha and his Warrior Kekūhaupi‘o. Honolulu: Kamehameha Schools Press, 2000.
[xv] The spelling is given as Keaweahulu (no macron) in Desha, Stephen L., translated by Frazier, Frances N. Kamehameha and his Warrior Kekūhaupi‘o. Honolulu: Kamehameha Schools Press, 2000.
[xvi] p. 80, Pukui, Mary Kawena, and Elbert, Samuel H. & Mookini, Esther T. Place Names of Hawaii: Revised & Expanded Edition. Honolulu: University of Hawaii Press, 1974.

[xviii] Pukui, Mary Kawena, Elbert, Samuel H., and Mookini, Esther T. Mookini. Place Names of Hawaii: Revised & Expanded Edition. Honolulu: University of Hawaii Press, 1974.
[xix] p. 309, p. xxiv, Desha, Stephen L., translated by Frazier, Frances N. Kamehameha and his Warrior Kekūhaupi‘o. Honolulu: Kamehameha Schools Press, 2000).
[xx] p. 76, Pukui, Mary Kawena, and Elbert, Samuel H. & Mookini, Esther T. Place Names of Hawaii: Revised & Expanded Edition. Honolulu: University of Hawaii Press, 1974.
[xxi] p. 76, Pukui, Mary Kawena, and Elbert, Samuel H. & Mookini, Esther T. Place Names of Hawaii: Revised & Expanded Edition. Honolulu: University of Hawaii Press, 1974.
[xxii] p. 63, Pukui, Mary Kawena, and Elbert, Samuel H. & Mookini, Esther T. Place Names of Hawaii: Revised & Expanded Edition. Honolulu: University of Hawaii Press, 1974.
[xxiii] p. 83, Pukui, Mary Kawena, and Elbert, Samuel H. & Mookini, Esther T. Place Names of Hawaii: Revised & Expanded Edition. Honolulu: University of Hawaii Press, 1974.
[xxiv] p. 152, Pukui, Mary Kawena, and Elbert, Samuel H. & Mookini, Esther T. Place Names of Hawaii: Revised & Expanded Edition. Honolulu: University of Hawaii Press, 1974.
[xxv] p. 33, Desha, Stephen L., translated by Frazier, Frances N. Kamehameha and his Warrior Kekūhaupi‘o. Honolulu: Kamehameha Schools Press, 2000.
[xxvi] p. 86, Pukui, Mary Kawena, and Elbert, Samuel H. & Mookini, Esther T. Place Names of Hawaii: Revised & Expanded Edition. Honolulu: University of Hawaii Press, 1974.
[xxvii] The four Tahitian healers once resided at Ulukou (“Kou-tree grove”) in Waikīkī, where the Moana Hotel is today. The Tahitian healers are said to have come from Moa‘ulanuiakea on the island of Raiatea, sometime before the 1500s, around the same time that the reign of the beloved O‘ahu chief Kākuhihewa began. The fame of the powerful Tahitian healers grew as they traveled through Hawai‘i administering cures.
When it came time for the men to return to their homeland, four huge stones were quarried from the Kaimukī area of Honolulu. The stones were placed on a paepae (stone platform) and an ahu (altar) in 1997. The largest of the stones weighs about 7.5 tons. Also now on display is a small stone from the healers’ homeland. This stone was presented to the Hawaiians by Tahitians from Raiatea for the 1997 ceremonies. They named this stone Ta‘ahu, which means “The Life.”
[xxviii] p. 79, Pukui, Mary Kawena, and Elbert, Samuel H. & Mookini, Esther T. Place Names of Hawaii: Revised & Expanded Edition. Honolulu: University of Hawaii Press, 1974.
[xxix] p. 99, Pukui, Mary Kawena, and Elbert, Samuel H. & Mookini, Esther T. Place Names of Hawaii: Revised & Expanded Edition. Honolulu: University of Hawaii Press, 1974.
[xxx] Pukui, Mary Kawena, Elbert, Samuel H., and Mookini, Esther T. Mookini. Place Names of Hawaii: Revised & Expanded Edition. Honolulu: University of Hawaii Press, 1974.
[xxxi] p. 309, p. xxiv, Desha, Stephen L., translated by Frazier, Frances N. Kamehameha and his Warrior Kekūhaupi‘o. Honolulu: Kamehameha Schools Press, 2000).
[xxxii] The four Tahitian healers once resided at Ulukou (“Kou-tree grove”) in Waikīkī, where the Moana Hotel is today. The Tahitian healers are said to have come from Moa‘ulanuiakea on the island of Raiatea, sometime before the 1500s, around the same time that the reign of the beloved O‘ahu chief Kākuhihewa began. The fame of the powerful Tahitian healers grew as they traveled through Hawai‘i administering cures.
When it came time for the men to return to their homeland, four huge stones were quarried from the Kaimukī area of Honolulu. The stones were placed on a paepae (stone platform) and an ahu (altar) in 1997. The largest of the stones weighs about 7.5 tons. Also now on display is a small stone from the healers’ homeland. This stone was presented to the Hawaiians by Tahitians from Raiatea for the 1997 ceremonies. They named this stone Ta‘ahu, which means “The Life.”
[xxxiii] p. 91, Pukui, Mary Kawena, and Elbert, Samuel H. & Mookini, Esther T. Place Names of Hawaii: Revised & Expanded Edition. Honolulu: University of Hawaii Press, 1974.
[xxxiv] p. 81, Pukui, Mary Kawena, and Elbert, Samuel H. & Mookini, Esther T. Place Names of Hawaii: Revised & Expanded Edition. Honolulu: University of Hawaii Press, 1974.
[xxxv] p. 93, Pukui, Mary Kawena, and Elbert, Samuel H. & Mookini, Esther T. Place Names of Hawaii: Revised & Expanded Edition. Honolulu: University of Hawaii Press, 1974.
[xxxvi] p. 101, Pukui, Mary Kawena, and Elbert, Samuel H. & Mookini, Esther T. Place Names of Hawaii: Revised & Expanded Edition. Honolulu: University of Hawaii Press, 1974.
[xxxvii] p. 104, Pukui, Mary Kawena, and Elbert, Samuel H. & Mookini, Esther T. Place Names of Hawaii: Revised & Expanded Edition. Honolulu: University of Hawaii Press, 1974.
[xxxviii] The spelling is given as Keaweahulu (no macron) in Desha, Stephen L., translated by Frazier, Frances N. Kamehameha and his Warrior Kekūhaupi‘o. Honolulu: Kamehameha Schools Press, 2000.
[xxxix] p. 101, Pukui, Mary Kawena, and Elbert, Samuel H. & Mookini, Esther T. Place Names of Hawaii: Revised & Expanded Edition. Honolulu: University of Hawaii Press, 1974.
[xl] p. xxiv, Desha, Stephen L., translated by Frazier, Frances N. Kamehameha and his Warrior Kekūhaupi‘o. Honolulu: Kamehameha Schools Press, 2000.
[xli] Pukui, Mary Kawena. ‘Ōlelo No‘eau: Hawaiian Proverbs & Poetical Sayings. Honolulu: Bishop Museum Press, 1983.
[xlii] p. 106, Pukui, Mary Kawena, and Elbert, Samuel H. & Mookini, Esther T. Place Names of Hawaii: Revised & Expanded Edition. Honolulu: University of Hawaii Press, 1974.
[xliii] p. 106, Pukui, Mary Kawena, and Elbert, Samuel H. & Mookini, Esther T. Place Names of Hawaii: Revised & Expanded Edition. Honolulu: University of Hawaii Press, 1974.
[xliv]
[xlv] Some say the father was not Keōuanui but instead Kahekilinui‘ahumanu [Kahekili], as Keku‘iapoiwa (II) was said to have visited Kahekili on Maui before the birth of Kamehameha.
[xlvi] Also translated as “The cluster of royal chiefs.” [p. 161, Pukui, Mary Kawena, and Elbert, Samuel H. & Mookini, Esther T. Place Names of Hawaii: Revised & Expanded Edition. Honolulu: University of Hawaii Press, 1974.]
[xlvii] Some say the father was not Keōuanui but instead Kahekilinui‘ahumanu [Kahekili], as Keku‘iapoiwa (II) was said to have visited Kahekili on Maui before the birth of Kamehameha.
[xlviii] According to tradition, sometime before the year A.D. 1200 a Tahitian high priest (kahuna) by the name of Pā‘ao founded a high priest line, known as kahuna nui. Pā‘ao returned to Tahiti and brought back a chief named Pili, who ruled the island of Hawai‘i and sired the royal line leading to King Kamehameha I, beginning a 700-year dynasty.
[xlix] p. 102, Pukui, Mary Kawena, and Elbert, Samuel H. & Mookini, Esther T. Place Names of Hawaii: Revised & Expanded Edition. Honolulu: University of Hawaii Press, 1974.
[l] p. 110, Pukui, Mary Kawena, and Elbert, Samuel H. & Mookini, Esther T. Place Names of Hawaii: Revised & Expanded Edition. Honolulu: University of Hawaii Press, 1974.
[li] p. 114, Pukui, Mary Kawena, and Elbert, Samuel H. & Mookini, Esther T. Place Names of Hawaii: Revised & Expanded Edition. Honolulu: University of Hawaii Press, 1974.
[lii] p. 89, Pukui, Mary Kawena, and Elbert, Samuel H. & Mookini, Esther T. Place Names of Hawaii: Revised & Expanded Edition. Honolulu: University of Hawaii Press, 1974.
[liii] p. 118, Pukui, Mary Kawena, and Elbert, Samuel H. & Mookini, Esther T. Place Names of Hawaii: Revised & Expanded Edition. Honolulu: University of Hawaii Press, 1974.
[liv] Pukui, Mary Kawena, Elbert, Samuel H., and Mookini, Esther T. Place Names of Hawaii: Revised & Expanded Edition. Honolulu: University of Hawaii Press, 1974.
[lv] Pukui, Mary Kawena, and Elbert, Samuel H. & Mookini, Esther T. Place Names of Hawaii: Revised & Expanded Edition. Honolulu: University of Hawaii Press, 1974.
[lvi] p. 182. Seiden, Allan. Hawai‘i: The Royal Legacy. Honolulu: Mutual Publishing, 1992.
[lvii] p. 98, Pukui, Mary Kawena, and Elbert, Samuel H. & Mookini, Esther T. Place Names of Hawaii: Revised & Expanded Edition. Honolulu: University of Hawaii Press, 1974.
[lviii] The Apology to Native Hawaiians on behalf of the United States for the Overthrow of the Kingdom of Hawaii. Kapolei, Hawai‘i: Ka‘imi Pono Press, 1994.
[lix] [p. 9, Pukui, Mary Kawena, and Elbert, Samuel H. & Mookini, Esther T. Place Names of Hawaii: Revised & Expanded Edition. Honolulu: University of Hawaii Press, 1974.]
[lx] p. 106, Pukui, Mary Kawena, and Elbert, Samuel H. & Mookini, Esther T. Place Names of Hawaii: Revised & Expanded Edition. Honolulu: University of Hawaii Press, 1974.
[lxi] p. 91, Pukui, Mary Kawena, and Elbert, Samuel H. & Mookini, Esther T. Place Names of Hawaii: Revised & Expanded Edition. Honolulu: University of Hawaii Press, 1974.
[lxii] p. 160, Pukui, Mary Kawena, and Elbert, Samuel H. & Mookini, Esther T. Place Names of Hawaii: Revised & Expanded Edition. Honolulu: University of Hawaii Press, 1974.
[lxiii] p. 160, Pukui, Mary Kawena, and Elbert, Samuel H. & Mookini, Esther T. Place Names of Hawaii: Revised & Expanded Edition. Honolulu: University of Hawaii Press, 1974.
[lxiv] p. 160, Pukui, Mary Kawena, and Elbert, Samuel H. & Mookini, Esther T. Place Names of Hawaii: Revised & Expanded Edition. Honolulu: University of Hawaii Press, 1974.
[lxv] p. 160, Pukui, Mary Kawena, and Elbert, Samuel H. & Mookini, Esther T. Place Names of Hawaii: Revised & Expanded Edition. Honolulu: University of Hawaii Press, 1974.
[lxvi] p. 63, Pukui, Mary Kawena, and Elbert, Samuel H. & Mookini, Esther T. Place Names of Hawaii: Revised & Expanded Edition. Honolulu: University of Hawaii Press, 1974.

[lxviii] p. 95, Desha, Stephen L., translated by Frazier, Frances N. Kamehameha and his Warrior Kekūhaupi‘o. Honolulu: Kamehameha Schools Press, 2000.

[lxx] Kamakau (1961: 106), Fornander (1969:200-01).
[lxxi] p. 94, Pukui, Mary Kawena, and Elbert, Samuel H. & Mookini, Esther T. Place Names of Hawaii: Revised & Expanded Edition. Honolulu: University of Hawaii Press, 1974.
[lxxii] p. 52, Pukui, Mary Kawena, and Elbert, Samuel H. & Mookini, Esther T. Place Names of Hawaii: Revised & Expanded Edition. Honolulu: University of Hawaii Press, 1974.
[lxxiii] p. 33, Desha, Stephen L., translated by Frazier, Frances N. Kamehameha and his Warrior Kekūhaupi‘o. Honolulu: Kamehameha Schools Press, 2000.
[lxxiv] Pine has sometimes been mentioned as the wife, of Holo‘ae instead of the daughter, but this is likely an error.
[lxxv] p. 101, Pukui, Mary Kawena, and Elbert, Samuel H. & Mookini, Esther T. Place Names of Hawaii: Revised & Expanded Edition. Honolulu: University of Hawaii Press, 1974.
[lxxvi] p. 228, Pukui, Mary Kawena, and Elbert, Samuel H. & Mookini, Esther T. Place Names of Hawaii: Revised & Expanded Edition. Honolulu: University of Hawaii Press, 1974.
[lxxvii] p. 228, Pukui, Mary Kawena, and Elbert, Samuel H. & Mookini, Esther T. Place Names of Hawaii: Revised & Expanded Edition. Honolulu: University of Hawaii Press, 1974.